Judicial Performance and Trust in Legal Systems: Findings from a Decade of Surveys in over 20 European Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1743-1760
Author(s):  
Pedro C. Magalhães ◽  
Nuno Garoupa
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Judicial Performance

THE MINORS IN PENAL SYSTEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Gwoździewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
A Minor

In foreign jurisdictions, various models of responsibility for juvenile offenses are adopted. In many countries, like Poland, entirely separate regulations in this field are adopted (England and Wales, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Spain, Ireland, Germany, Scotland, Switzerland, Sweden). In other countries like (Slovakia, Belarus, Estonia, Greece to 2003, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Russia, Slovenia, Ukraine), there are specific rules of responsibility of minors included in criminal codes and codes of criminal proceedings. Different solutions in this regard are partly due to the different traditions of legal systems, and partly due to various axiomatic justifications formulated in these matters. Review of legislation on minority in selected European countries: Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic shows that in terms of the approach to the problem of minority in all legal systems, specific interaction of children and young people who come into conflict with the criminal law are included, as well as those that show signs of corruption, making their proper personal and social development threatened. Adoption of selected concepts of minors legislation, however, does not mean more or less severe approach to the liability of minors.Both discussed issues the theoretical and practical ones, are the subject of the deliberations beneath, their structure includes: <br/>1. Problems of minors in the European countries <br/>2. Minors in Polish criminal justice system <br/>3. Minors’ responsibility in Slovakian criminal justice system <br/> 4. Czech criminal justice system in relation to a minor

The Investigation of Peculiarities of the Occurrence of Subjective Civil Rights in Registration of a Patent

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Svitlana IASECHKO ◽  
Viacheslav PUZYRNYI ◽  
Natalia PUZУRNA ◽  
Nataliia KOSTIUK ◽  
Iryna BAKHNOVSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Theoretical Construct ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

The main aspects of the impact of patents on technological and social development have been highlighted, and it has been suggested to adapt a powerful world experience in this field. The key aspects of the innovation process and the protection of the results of scientific and technical action with the help of patents, and the peculiarities of the occurrence of subjective civil rights are considered. The authors of the paper analyze the current legislative provisions and determine the direction of its development in the context of globalization. The article explores the theoretical construct of these relations and provides an analysis of civil legislation as applied to industry standards of economic legislation. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the application of the developed provisions will facilitate the harmonization of national legislations in the formation of legal systems. The aim of the article is to supplement and clarify the ideas about patent and of subjective civil rights. The factors that influenced the development of the doctrine civil rights have been considered, in particular, taking into account the experience of European countries.

scholarly journals LATYNIZMY W TEKSTACH PRAWNYCH I PRAWNICZYCH – UJĘCIE KONTRASTYWNE POLSKO-NIEMIECKIE

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Joanna WOŹNIAK
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Way

Terms and Phrases of Latin origin have been incorporated into the contempo-rary Continental and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. Latin borrowings are a sign of the common cultural and social origin of European countries. Most of the bor-rowings have been adapted on the phonetic, morphological and grammatical level. Others, like Latin proverbs, terms and phrases retained their original pronunciation and orthography.The main goal of this article is to discuss the essence of Latinisms, in particular their place in the contemporary linguistics and their function in legal texts. In the second part the article presents the results of the analysis of the Latin struc-tures, used in Polish and German legal texts, available in the Eur-lex databases. The research is aimed not only at comparing the occurrence of Latin terms, phrases or proverbs in legal documents, but also at showing the way of their introducing to the text and discussing the consequences of their usage for the understanding of the law.

scholarly journals LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN LOS ORDENAMIENTOS JURÍDICOS DE INSPIRACIÓN LATINA: (II) GLOBALIZACIÓN Y DISCRIMINACIÓN CONTRA LA MUJER

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-79
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Gender And Power ◽  
America Latina

LA VIOLENCIA DE GÉNERO EN LOS ORDENAMIENTOS JURÍDICOS DE INSPIRACIÓN LATINA: (II) GLOBALIZACIÓN Y DISCRIMINACIÓN CONTRA LA MUJER GENDER VIOLENCE IN THE LEGAL SYSTEMS OF CIVIL LAW: (II) GLOBALIZATION AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE WOMAN Juana María González Moreno Universidad de Granada, España DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2004.0022/ RESUMEN Este trabajo representa la continuación de nuestro estudio titulado “La violencia de género en los ordenamientos jurídicos de inspiración latina (I) América Latina versus Europa: discriminaciones de ida y vuelta”, presentado en la Quinta Conferencia Europea sobre Investigación Feminista, “Gender and Power in the New Europe” (Lund, Suecia, agosto de 2003), y en el que tratamos de ilustrar, a través del análisis del ordenamiento jurídico peruano, cómo la violencia contra la mujer contenida en los ordenamientos jurídicos latinoamericanos es mayor que la violencia que producen los ordenamientos jurídicos de países europeos. En esta segunda parte, ponemos de manifiesto cómo la globalización ha supuesto un reforzamiento de la violencia de género contenida en los distintos ordenamientos jurídicos. Palabras clave: Discriminación, derecho, género, globalización, Latinoamérica, violencia, mujeres. ABSTRACT These work represents the continuation of our titled study "The gender violence in the legal systems of Civil Law (I) Latin America versus Europe: discriminations of coming and going", presented in the Fifth European Conference on Feminist Investigation, "Gender and Power in New the Europe" (Lund, Sweden, August of 2003), and in which we try to illustrate, through the analysis of the Peruvian legal system, how the violence against the woman contained in the Latin American legal systems is bigger than the violence that the legal systems of European countries produces. In this second part, we show how the globalization has supposed a reinforcement of the contained in the different legal systems gender violence. Keywords: Discrimination, law, gender, globalization, Latinmerican, violence, women.

scholarly journals FRENCH “ FIDUCIE ”, LATVIAN “ TRUST ” AND ROMANIAN “ FIDUCIA ” (CONCEPTUAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES)

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Irina Gvelesiani
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Given

An “all-embracing” process of globalization stipulates the formation of today’s globe. It enters different spheres of life and facilitates the uniformity of economy, law, politics, language and even, cultural life. In the framework of globalization, drastic changes can be seen in the legal systems of some European countries. The given research tries to answer the demands of the modern epoch. It describes the process of the emergence of the European modifications of “trust”, singles out major concepts presented in the Latvian, Romanian and French trust mechanisms and underlines their significance in today’s world. The given research is a presentation of the new outlook of the development of “trust-like” institutions of some European countries.

scholarly journals Consequences of Imprisonment and Possibilities of Infl uence on Perpetrator in the Conditions of Penitentiary Isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Gerald G. Sander ◽  
Paweł Kobes
Keyword(s):  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Present Form ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Negative Factors

Imprisonment which is implemented in the present form in European countries has reached its capabilities in terms of re-socialisation, if any function apart from isolating might have been achieved. This has happened because the specificity of penitentiary isolation results in individuals being unable to acquire real-skills to live in the society in accordance with its rules. The paradox of this penalty is that its conditioning favours the destruction of a human, the loss of their ability to function in society rather than their re-socialisation and building the appropriate social attitudes. Prisonisation which affects each prisoner to varying degrees is mostly to blame, but also other elements inseparably connected with penitentiary isolation. In order to mitigate the influence of negative factors it is necessary to implement the appropriate mechanisms, which, however, are not able to eliminate negative effects of imprisonment, but they are able to mitigate them, as already indicated. The aim of the following publication is an attempt to find a solution, identify which factors negatively influence re-socialisation of prisoners in penitentiary isolation and if there are still any possibilities to improve the system of execution of imprisonment sentence before the penalty in its present form disappears from legal systems. The authors also ask a question: Can a man be taught to live in society in accordance with the rules accepted by it, in spite of the sometimes long-term isolation of this man from the society?

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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