The Human Polygyny Index and its Ecological Correlates: Testing Sexual Selection and Life History Theory at the Cross-National Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 1159-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Schmitt ◽  
Percy A. Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ecological Correlates ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross National

scholarly journals Emerging issues in the evolution of animal nuptial gifts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 20140336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Lewis ◽  
Karim Vahed ◽  
Joris M. Koene ◽  
Leif Engqvist ◽  
Luc F. Bussière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Nuptial Gifts ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodites

Uniquely positioned at the intersection of sexual selection, nutritional ecology and life-history theory, nuptial gifts are widespread and diverse. Despite extensive empirical study, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of gift evolution because we lack a unified conceptual framework for considering these traits. In this opinion piece, we tackle several issues that we believe have substantively hindered progress in this area. Here, we: (i) present a comprehensive definition and classification scheme for nuptial gifts (including those transferred by simultaneous hermaphrodites), (ii) outline evolutionary predictions for different gift types, and (iii) highlight some research directions to help facilitate progress in this field.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of short and long-term mating: implications for sexual selection and life history theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janko Mileta Međedović
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Human Reproductive

Mating patterns are crucial for understanding selection regimes in current populations and highly implicative for sexual selection and life history theory. However, empirical data on the relations between mating and fitness-related outcomes in contemporary humans are lacking. In the present research we examined the sexual selection on mating (with an emphasis on Bateman’s third parameter – the association between mating and reproductive success) and life history dynamics of mating by examining the relations between mating patterns and a comprehensive set of variables which determine human reproductive ecology. We conducted two studies (Study 1: N=398, Mage=31.03; Study 2: N=996, Mage=40.81, the sample was representative for participants’ sex, age, region, and settlement size). The findings from these studies were mutually congruent and complementary. In general, the data suggested that short-term mating was unrelated or even negatively related to reproductive success. Conversely, long-term mating was positively associated with reproductive success and there were indices that the beneficial role of long-term mating is more pronounced in males, which is in accordance with Bateman’s third principle. Observed age of first reproduction fully mediated the link between long-term mating and number of children but only in male participants. There were no clear indications of the position of the mating patterns in human life history trajectories; however, the obtained data suggested that long-term mating has some characteristics of fast life history dynamics. Findings are implicative for sexual selection and life history theory in humans.

scholarly journals Company-Level Family Policies: Who Has Access to It and What Are Some of Its Outcomes?

2020 ◽  
pp. 535-573
Author(s):  
Heejung Chung
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Occupational Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Family Integration ◽  
Family Demands ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Cross National

AbstractDespite the increase in the number of studies that examine the cross-national variation in the policy configuration that allow a better work–family integration, very few look beyond the national levels. It is also crucial to examine occupational level welfare since companies may restrict or expand the existing national-level regulations, defining the “final availability” workers actually have toward various arrangements. In addition, companies may provide various additional arrangements through occupational policies which are not set out in the national-level agreements that are crucial in addressing reconciliation needs of workers. This chapter examines what types of arrangements are provided at the company level to address work–family demands of workers. It further provides a synthesis of studies that examine both national-level contexts and individual-level characteristics that explain who gets access to company-level family-friendly policies, which is linked to the possible outcomes of these policies.

Comparing Nations and States

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 996-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Beer ◽  
Neil J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Political Experience ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross National

Democracy and the protection of human rights generally go together, but not in India. India is an outlier in the cross-national research that aims to explain human rights performance. Using state-level subnational data and drawing on the approaches pioneered at the cross-national level, the authors examine the reasons for the outlier status. Their findings suggest that the aggregate whole-nation human rights and democracy scores misrepresent the political experience of much of India. The authors find that participation, political parties, and the level and nature of opposition threat help us understand the incidence of human rights violations within India.

Synthesizing life history theory with sexual selection: Toward a comprehensive model of alternative reproductive strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenée James Jackson ◽  
Bruce J. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
The Individual

AbstractDel Giudice's model of sex-specific attachment patterns demonstrates the usefulness of infusing life history theory with principles of sexual selection. We believe a full synthesis between the two theories provides a foundation for a comprehensive model of alternative reproductive strategies. We extend Del Giudice's ideas based on our own program of research, focusing specifically on the importance of intrasexual competition and the individual phenotype during development.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Signals of Sexual Selection and Fast Life History Dynamics for the Long-Term but Not Short-Term Mating

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470492110571
Author(s):  
Janko Međedović
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Human Reproductive

Mating patterns are crucial for understanding selection regimes in current populations and highly implicative for sexual selection and life history theory. However, empirical data on the relations between mating and reproductive outcomes in contemporary humans are lacking. In the present research we examined the sexual selection on mating (with an emphasis on Bateman's third parameter – the association between mating and reproductive success) and life history dynamics of mating by examining the relations between mating patterns and a comprehensive set of variables which determine human reproductive ecology. We conducted two studies (Study 1: N = 398, Study 2: N = 996, the sample was representative for participants’ sex, age, region, and settlement size). The findings from these studies were mutually congruent and complementary. In general, the data suggested that short-term mating was unrelated or even negatively related to reproductive success. Conversely, long-term mating was positively associated with reproductive success (number of children in Study 1; number of children and grandchildren in Study 2) and there were indices that the beneficial role of long-term mating is more pronounced in males, which is in accordance with Bateman's third principle. Observed age of first reproduction mediated the link between long-term mating and number of children but only in male participants (Study 2). There were no clear indications of the position of the mating patterns in human life history trajectories; however, the obtained data suggested that long-term mating has some characteristics of fast life history dynamics. Findings are implicative for sexual selection and life history theory in humans.

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