Aiming to keep poor Mexican families at the breadline (but no higher): The effects of minimum wage, tax, and social policy changes between 1994 and 2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Velázquez Leyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Mexican Families ◽  
Wage Tax

scholarly journals Selected Social Policy Instruments in Relation to Tax Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimíra Žofčinová ◽  
Zuzana Horváthová ◽  
Andrea Čajková
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
The Social

Tax sovereignty is now an expression of the phenomenon of state power. In general, there is a widespread but also accepted view that a citizen is dependent on the state and the state is dependent on tax resources. The social status of a citizen in the state is of great importance; it affects the development of personality and, last but not least, reflects the degree of democracy acquired in a particular state. Various tax law measures for the benefit of the citizen are important for the identification of social behavior and are an attempt to improve certain ways of life. The aim and ambition of this article is to emphasize the tools of social policy (e.g., minimum wage, subsistence minimum, social right to work) that are related to the social function of taxing income. In this context, the authors deal with a social function of tax collection and imposing of taxes, justice in taxation, and point out social aspects of the system of taxes in the Slovak Republic. In this article, the authors present the attitudes of both critics and proponents. It also deals with tax justice, which is often a category subjective to the evaluator. The benchmarking attribute of tax collection should be that citizens will have the certainty of social justice in the state and will therefore pay attention to the minimum wage and subsistence minimum as an integral part of tax policy under the legal conditions of the Slovak Republic. All tax legislation, especially tax reform, is perceived with a certain sensitivity regarding tax subjects.

scholarly journals Trans* and gender variant citizenship and the state in Norway

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Monro ◽  
Janneke Van Der Ros
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Citizenship Rights ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Identity Recognition ◽  
Gender Variant ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
And Gender

The last decade has seen the expansion of trans* identities that are gender queer, non-binary, androgynous, or multiply-sexed and gendered in Western Europe. These developments mark a shift from a uniformly gender-binaried system to one that encompasses some degree of gender pluralism, as reflected to an extent in policy changes in some European countries. However, gender binarism is still prevalent. This article uses the case of Norway to demonstrate a contrast between the citizenship statuses afforded to transsexual men and women, and the lack of citizenship rights that people with non-binary identities, and other gender-variant people who are not diagnosed as transsexual, face. The article addresses the historical role of the Norwegian state in perpetuating gender binaries, in key areas such as identity recognition. It then explores the ways in which Norwegian social policy is changing towards more trans-sensitive positions.

scholarly journals A Farewell to Australia's Welfare State

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis G. Castles
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
Wage Regulation

For much of the postwar period, the Australian welfare state has been misunderstood by overseas social policy commentators. The lack of generosity of welfare payments has been substantially compensated for by a system of wage regulation that has prevented waged poverty and delivered a reduced disparity of incomes. The strong emphasis on means-testing of benefits has not had the stigmatizing effects of benefit selectivity elsewhere, since Australian means tests are designed to exclude the well-off rather than focus benefits exclusively on the very poor and Australian means-testing has been nondiscretionary in character. Policy changes in the 1980s and 1990s, and most particularly under the present Liberal Coalition government, have undermined these distinctive aspects of welfare Australian-style, and it is no longer possible to defend the Australian welfare state from its critics.

Has Social Policy Expansion in Latin America Reduced Welfare Decommodification and Defamilialisation? Evidence from an Overview of the Mexican Welfare Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Ricardo Velázquez Leyer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Design And Implementation

Mexican social policy has been transformed in recent years with the introduction and expansion of social assistance programmes, causing a diversion from the trajectory based on social insurance since the first decades of the twentieth century. This article aims to understand the outcomes of that transformation, by applying welfare regime theory to establish how social policy reforms have affected the distribution of welfare responsibilities among the state, markets and families. The research identifies (de)commodification and (de)familialisation outcomes of policy changes in pensions, healthcare, unemployment and family support. Results suggest that the expansion has not produced significant reductions in decommodification or defamilialisation because of: a) the explicit or implicit role assigned to markets in policy design and implementation, and b) the reliance of the process of economic liberalisation on the welfare role performed by families. The case of Mexico may illustrate the current welfare challenges faced by societies across Latin America.

The Politics of Supporting Low-Wage Workers and Families

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Gitterman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Earned Income ◽  
Federal Minimum Wage ◽  
Hourly Basis

This chapter highlights two policies that supplement the earnings of low-wage workers: the federal minimum wage and the earned income tax credit (EITC). The need for earnings supplements arises in part from the nature of the jobs held by less-skilled, low-wage workers. Such jobs are likely to be compensated on an hourly basis, not salaried, and are less likely to be full time. A focus on the minimum wage and the EITC contributes to—and expands our understanding of—the American welfare state in two ways. First, it looks beyond social insurance and public assistance, which have been considered the main tools of social policy, to explore the importance of alternative antipoverty policies. Second, it moves beyond income support to nonworkers to focus on efforts to support individuals who areactivein the labor market.

Income maintenance and income taxation

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
A. B. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
National Insurance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Income Maintenance ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right

Social policy and taxation have commonly been regarded in Britain as quite separate aspects of government policy. Changes in taxation appear to be decided largely independently of the aims of social policy, and reforms of the social security system are often proposed with no regard to their fiscal consequences. Despite the fact that Chancellors of the Exchequer have recently arrogated the right to announce increases in National Insurance benefits, there is little evidence of co-ordination between the Treasury and the Department of Health and Social Security over income maintenance. Yet there is clearly a close relationship between these two arms of government policy, and it is important that any proposal for reform should consider taxation and social policy in conjunction.

scholarly journals The current state of organization of payroll calculations in the conditions of development of information technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Larysa Brazhnikova ◽  
Svitlana Harna ◽  
Antonina Shnurko
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Current State ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Wage Tax ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Social Privilege

Purpose. The aim of the article is investigation of the current state of organization of payroll calculations in the context of constant change of the normative and legal framework and in the conditions of development of information technologies. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the normative and legal framework, scientific works of domestic scientists on the problems of organization of remuneration in Ukraine. The research is conducted on the basis of the use of general scientific and special methods of cognition. The monographic method is used in the scientific publications, the method of analysis and systematic approach is used to the study the current state of the organization of remuneration, the method of comparisons is used in the study of the dynamics of the minimum wage, the subsistence minimum for different categories of population. Abstract and logical method is used to formulate conclusions from the conducted study. Findings. The problematic issues of the current state of the organization of payroll calculations in Ukraine are formed. The optimal ways of solving problems of organization of remuneration are determined, among which are the following: updating of the legislative and regulatory framework; state control over compliance with the size and types of social guarantees (minimum wage, subsistence minimum for different categories of population, tax social privilege); accuracy, timeliness, reliability of accounting and reporting, etc. Originality. It has further developed the study of the functions of wages that it must perform in modern conditions and the creation of a basis for increasing the interest of employees in high-productivity work. Practical value. The proposed above proposals will help to overcome the problems of the current state of payments in Ukraine. The complex and in-depth study of this problem is outlined, as well as the prospects for the development of the state in the sphere of remuneration. Key words: remuneration; minimum wage; Tax Code of Ukraine; tax social privilege; personal income tax; single social contribution; reporting.

scholarly journals Women at Work: Issues for the 1990s: Introduction to the Collection

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Ryan
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Well Being

The celebration of one hundred years of women's suffrage in New Zealand in 1993 has provided a welcome opportunity to undertake something of a "stock-take" of many aspects of women's participation in the social and economic life of New Zealand. Participation in the paid workforce is one of the most important of these, given the centrality of employment and work to social identity and economic well-being. The current re-assessment has, however, raised more questions than it has answered, given the rapidly changing social and economic environment in which women work. This includes the restructuring of the economy, the growth of the service sector, social policy changes in health and education, and the greater emphasis on market regulation of many areas previously subject to legislative regulation.

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