Beware of collider stratification bias when analyzing recurrent injuries

2022 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
Ian Shrier ◽  
Steven D. Stovitz ◽  
Chinchin Wang ◽  
Russell J Steele
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Injuries

Obesity and Work-Related Injuries Among Farmers in Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia

2021 ◽  
pp. 216507992110266
Author(s):  
Sharon Hunsucker ◽  
Deborah B. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Recurrent Injuries

Background Obesity is a recognized risk factor for work-related injuries (WRI). Despite the inherent safety hazards associated with farm work, research on obesity among farmers is limited giving little guidance to occupational health providers on obesity as a risk factor in farm WRI. This study evaluated the association between obesity and farm WRI. Methods Cross-sectional data were collected from farmers ( n = 100) in Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Data included a survey (demographic data, farm factors, health indicators, occurrences of work-related injuries consistent with the definition of Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] recordable injuries) and direct anthropometric measures (height, weight, and waist circumference). Logistic regression was used to model any work-related injury, injuries consistent with the definition of OSHA recordables (herein called OSHA-recordable injuries), and recurrent injuries occurring during farm work performance on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Findings Twenty-five percent of the participants reported any injuries, and 18% reported OSHA-recordable injuries. Farmers with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 had 3 times the risk for OSHA-recordable injuries and 5 times the risk for recurrent injuries. No significant relationship was identified between waist circumference and farm WRI. Conclusion This study provides evidence that increased BMI is a safety risk for farmers. Prospective studies with a larger sample are needed. Occupational health nurses and providers should educate farmers on the potential safety risk of obesity and implement weight management programs addressing obesity in farmers.

scholarly journals Methods Matter: Beware of collider stratification bias when analyzing recurrent injuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shrier ◽  
Steven Stovitz ◽  
Chinchin Wang ◽  
Russell John Steele
Keyword(s):  
Sport Medicine ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Sport Medicine Research ◽  
Multiple Causes

A major objective of sport medicine research is to assess causes of injuries. Studying causes of subsequent injuries, including the effects of rehabilitation programs, presents unique challenges to provide appropriate guidance for treatment. In this commentary, we highlight the issue of “collider stratification bias”. Collider stratification bias is a major concern whenever we restrict populations based on variables that have multiple causes, which is common in surveillance programs studying subsequent injuries.

Rats' Preferences for an Analgesic Compared to Water: An Alternative to “Killing the Rat So it Does Not Suffer”

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 674-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Systemic Injection ◽  
Acute Injuries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Control Pain ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Animal Care

A common policy in research institutions is to kill rats when they display chronic disabilities or recurrent injuries. These guidelines appear to be derived from an oxymoron that “it's better for a rat to be killed so it does not suffer pain” and from untested assumptions that rats cannot control “pain.” In a two-bottle paradigm. 10 rats with history of brain damage following status epilepticus from a single systemic injection of lithium and pilocarpine were given options to consume freely either tap water or 1 mg/cc of acetaminophen in tap water. During periods of fresh lesions due to persistent gnawing or acute injuries associated with tonic-clonic convulsions, the rats consumed 3 to 10 times the fluid from the bottles containing acetaminophen (equivalent to 5 to 10 extra-strength Tylenol tablets per day for a 70-kg person) relative to periods when no lesions or old lesions were present. These results suggest that rats with chronic injuries sufficient to be terminated according to Animal Care guidelines may be capable of reducing the aversive physiological conditions associated with tissue damage by selecting analgesic treatments.

Risk Factors for Recurrent Injuries from Physical Violence Among African Men in The Gambia

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
Paul Bass ◽  
Wen-Yu Yu ◽  
Edrisa Sanyang ◽  
Mau-Roung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Recurrent Injuries

scholarly journals The UEFA model in identification of types, severity and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigerian Premier League

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
U K Ani
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Premier League ◽  
Predominant Type ◽  
Cohort Study Design ◽  
European Football ◽  
Competitive Games ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Type Of Injury

Background. Association football, otherwise known as soccer, is the most popular sport in the world. The increase in the popularity of the game and the expectations from players make injury risk in football high. Objective. To describe the types, severity, prevalence and mechanism of injuries among professional footballers in the Nigeria Premier League (NPL). Methods. The Union of European Football Association (UEFA) Injury Study Questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 240 footballers from 11 clubs, who participated in the 2011/2012 NPL premiership season, was selected through proportionate stratified random sampling technique, and the participants were studied using a prospective cohort study design for 6 months. Descriptive statistics of means, percentages and frequency distributions were used to answer the research questions. Results. The mean (standard deviation) age, height and weight of the injured footballers was 22.9 (3.4) years, 1.69 (0.05) m and 71.3 (3.9) kg, respectively. There was a high injury prevalence (78%) associated with actual league games, whereas the incidence rate per 1 000-hour exposure was 300.2 exposure-hours from 19 games within 6 months. Sprain (32%) was the predominant type of injury recorded. The tackle event (34%) was the predominant mechanism of injury recorded, and 63% of the injuries led to 1 - 3 days of player absence from football activities. Most of the injuries were recurrent injuries (63%). Conclusion. This study showed a high occurrence of injuries in the NPL, in particular associated with league (competitive) games. The findings of this study will serve to guide the development and implementation of injury prevention strategies in the NPL.

scholarly journals Painless: a case of congenital insensitivity to pain in a 5-year-old male

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
H H Al Amroh ◽  
A L Reyes ◽  
J Barret Austin Hillary ◽  
W H Al Khaffaf
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Congenital Insensitivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Congenital Insensitivity To Pain ◽  
The One ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Insensitivity To Pain

Abstract Background: several genetic disorders are known to be associated with congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), a term often used to describe an impaired ability to perceive the type, intensity and quality of noxious stimuli. Children with CIP often injure themselves severely. The injury can go unnoticed or be misdiagnosed as child abuse because it is associated with multiple and recurrent injuries which may result in permanent damage. Patient findings: we report the case of a 5-year-old boy with a history of showing no signs of pain when exposed to accidental injuries such as trauma, burns or secondary chronic lesions. Conclusion: child abuse has a much higher occurrence rate than rare neuropathies such as the one we describe. However, CIP should be considered as a diagnosis in any child presenting with a history of poor or absent responses to painful stimuli.

PREVALENCE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES IN PARTICIPANTS ENROLLED IN ZUMBA-BASED TRAINING

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050013
Author(s):  
Swara Sawant ◽  
Sona Kolke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Purpose: Our study aimed to find the location and pattern of musculoskeletal injuries in participants enrolled in Zumba-based training and to analyze the contributing risk factors for injuries through a self-administered questionnaire. Methods: A total of 50 participants were recruited in an offline and online-based study using a self-administered questionnaire based on seven demographic-based questions, eight injury-related questions and five questions based on the risk factors related to Zumba-based training. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to predict the odds-ratio and factors contributing to the risk of injuries. Results: Twenty-nine out of 50 participants (58%) had single or multiple musculoskeletal injuries with the most common sites of injury being in the order of: leg (23%), knee (18%) and ankle, foot and the lower back (15%). Amongst the injured subjects, 10 (34.4%) had sought medical help and 11 (37.9%) had resorted to self-management. The binomial regression analysis showed the presence of recurrent injuries and the flooring of the class to be significantly associated with the risk of injuries. Conclusion: There was a 58% prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in the subjects enrolled in Zumba-based training. The factors which are found to be an increased risk for musculoskeletal injuries were recurrent injuries and flooring of the class.

SERIOUS RECURRENT INJURIES OF ATHLETES

1953 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Augustus Thorndike
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Injuries

scholarly journals Sports Injury and Illness after Implementation of the Web-Based Surveillance System in World Taekwondo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Seong Jeong ◽  
David Michael O'Sullivan ◽  
Dae Hyoun Jeong ◽  
Sae Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Epidemiology Studies ◽  
Recurrent Injuries ◽  
Web Based System ◽  
The Web

ABSTRACT Context: There is a shortage of Taekwondo epidemiology studies since the rule changes introduced by World Taekwondo in 2017. Objective: To describe injury and illness patterns at the Muju 2017 World Taekwondo Championships (WTC) following the implementation of the web-based surveillance system by World Taekwondo. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: All injuries and illnesses were recorded during the 2017 WTC using a web-based system developed by the International Olympic Committee. Patients or Other Participants: 971 athletes who participated in the 2017 WTC. Main Outcome Measure(s): A profiles and mechanisms of injury and illness in the 2017 WTC. Results: We analyzed total 131 injuries and 26 illnesses, corresponding to an overall clinical incidence of 13.5 ((95% confidence interval (CI): 11.2–15.8)) injuries and 2.7 (95% CI: 1.6–3.7) illnesses per 100 athletes, and an overall incidence rate of 19.3 (95% CI: 16.0–22.6) injuries and 3.8 (95% CI: 2.4–5.3) illnesses per 1,000 athlete-days, respectively. Most injuries occurred in the lower extremities (46.6%, n=61), of which knee injuries were most frequent (19.8%, n=26). Among the head and trunk injuries (29.8%, n=39), face injuries (22.1%, n=29) were most frequent, whereas among upper extremity injuries (23.7%, n=31), finger injuries (6.1%, n=8) were most frequent. Contusions (33.6%, n=44) were the most frequent injury type, followed by fractures and ligament ruptures/sprains. The most common injury mechanism was in contact with another athlete (74.0%, n=97), whereas the least common was concussions (n=5). The major affected system was the respiratory system (30.8%, n=8), with major symptoms being pain (42.3%, n=11) and fever (26.9%, n=7). Environmental factors were the most common cause of illness (57.7%, n=15). Conclusion: The web-based surveillance system used at the 2017 WTC revealed that 13.5/100 athletes (77.8/1,000 athlete-exposures, 13.9/1000 minute-exposures) had new or recurrent injuries, whereas 2.7/100 athletes became ill.

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