scholarly journals Childhood physical activity as a labor market investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Jaana T. Kari ◽  
Jaakko Pehkonen ◽  
Tuija H. Tammelin ◽  
Nina Hutri‐Kähönen ◽  
Olli T. Raitakari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

scholarly journals Children Involved in Team Sports Show Superior Executive Function Compared to Their Peers Involved in Self-Paced Sports

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Silke De Waelle ◽  
Felien Laureys ◽  
Matthieu Lenoir ◽  
Simon J. Bennett ◽  
Frederik J.A. Deconinck
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Test ◽  
Sports And Physical Activity

Children’s motor and cognitive functions develop rapidly during childhood. Physical activity and executive function are intricately linked during this important developmental period, with physical activity interventions consistently proving to benefit children’s executive function. However, it is less clear which type of physical activity shows the strongest associations with executive function in children. Therefore, this study compared executive function performance of children aged 8 to 12 that either participated in team sports or self-paced sports or were not involved in any kind of organized sports (non-athletes). Results demonstrate that children participating in team sports show superior executive function compared to children participating in self-paced sports and non-athletes. Importantly, children participating in self-paced sports do not outperform non-athletes when it comes to executive function. This study is the first to show that even at a very young age, team sports athletes outperform athletes from self-paced sports as well as non-athletes on a multifaceted and comprehensive test battery for executive function. Furthermore, our findings support the hypothesis that cognitively engaging physical activity, such as participation in team sports, might show stronger associations with executive functioning compared to other types of sports and physical activity.

Abstract P183: Parents Play Significant Role in the Gender Differences Associated with Physical Activity in Elementary Students

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea R Blankenship ◽  
Christa Ice ◽  
Vanessa Shannon ◽  
Lesley Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Parenting Practices ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Parent Behavior ◽  
Child Gender ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

BACKGROUND It has been proven that males engage in physical activity more than females starting at a young age. The goal of this study was to investigate gender differences based on parenting behaviors such as the frequency with which parents send their children out to play. METHODS Parents of children participating in a free cardiovascular risk-screening program (CARDIAC Project) completed a behavioral survey. Children (n =472; 43.3% female) who were enrolled in elementary school participated in the study. Parents provided information about children’s physical activity and their own ways in which they provided support of activity at home. Children’s participation in 12 activities was captured by total number of minutes per week. A combined mean activity score was calculated by summing the children’s total time across all of the activities. Parent behavior , specifically the frequency at which parents send their children outside to play was captured using a Likert scale where “1” represented never and “5” represented daily. Child gender and the amount of time allowed outside for play were then entered into a linear regression model to examine their role as potential predictors of child activity. RESULTS A significant gender difference (p<.001) was noted in children’s total activity time with boys (n = 237; 751 minutes/week) exhibiting higher mean activity each week than girls (n = 229; 521 minutes/week). Child gender and the amount of time allowed outside to play significantly predicted children’s activity levels overall. This model explained 28.9% of the variance in children’s activity levels (F = 20.25 (2); p<.001). Specifically, girls had less opportunity (3.75) than boys (4.05) to play outside. CONCLUSION A factor behind the lesser physical activity in female adolescents is significantly related to the decreased opportunity to play outside. Additional parenting practices will be shared if presented. In conclusion, parent behavior plays a significant role in the proven gender differences with childhood physical activity.

scholarly journals An Updated Systematic Review of Childhood Physical Activity Questionnaires

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2797-2842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisan M. Hidding ◽  
Mai. J. M. Chinapaw ◽  
Mireille N. M. van Poppel ◽  
Lidwine B. Mokkink ◽  
Teatske M. Altenburg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Questionnaires

Objective assessment of childhood adherence to Canadian physical activity guidelines in relation to body composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Diane Marie Wittmeier ◽  
Rebecca Christine Mollard ◽  
Dean Johannes Kriellaars
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
School Year ◽  
Childhood Physical Activity

Low levels of childhood physical activity (PA) are a contributing factor to obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the adherence of children to PA guidelines in relation to body composition. Body fat (Slaughter equation) and body mass index (BMI) were determined during the school year (n = 251, ages 8–11 y). Daily energy expenditure (EE, kcal·kg–1·d–1) and activity time (AT, min·d–1) above moderate and vigorous intensity thresholds were assessed (accelerometry). Using EE criteria, 35.9% expended < 3.0 kcal·kg–1·d–1, 27.9% expended between 3.0 and 5.9 kcal·kg–1·d–1, 13.5% expended between 6.0 and 7.9 kcal·kg–1·d–1, and 22.9% expended ≥ 8.0 kcal·kg–1·d–1. Using AT criteria, 52.2% accumulated < 30.0 min, 31.1% accumulated 30.0–59.9 min, 12.7% accumulated 60.0–89.9 min, and 4.0% accumulated ≥ 90.0 min of AT. The EE corresponding to accumulation of AT > 90 min was 14.8 kcal·kg–1·d–1. The AT corresponding to ≥ 8 kcal·kg–1·d–1 was 73.0 min. Inverse relationships were observed between EE and body fat (p = 0.0004), BMI (p = 0.002), mass (p = 0.008), and fat mass index (FMI) (p = 0.001), as well as between AT and body fat (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.008), mass (p = 0.017), and FMI (p = 0.002). Controlling for BMI, FMI was inversely related to EE (p = 0.049) and AT (p = 0.039). Fat-free mass index and AT were positively related (p = 0.038). Physical activity had beneficial effects on body composition for children independent of BMI. The relationship between AT and daily EE guidelines was rationalized (60 min·d–1 with 8 kcal·kg–1·d–1) and demonstrated association with acceptable body composition. The 60 min·d–1 of moderate activity may be a more suitable initial target than 90 min·d–1, as so few children met the upper tiers of PA guidelines.

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