scholarly journals Adverse life events, cardiovascular responses, and sports performance under pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 340-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Moore ◽  
Tom Young ◽  
Paul Freeman ◽  
Mustafa Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Performance Under Pressure

scholarly journals Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 652-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Randles ◽  
Steven J. Heine ◽  
Michael Poulin ◽  
Roxane Cohen Silver
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Over Time

Many studies find that when made to feel uncertain, participants respond by affirming importantly held beliefs. However, while theories argue that these effects should persist over time for highly disruptive experiences, almost no research has been performed outside the lab. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a national sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1,613) who were followed longitudinally for 3 years. Participants reported lifetime and recent adversities experienced annually, as well as their opinions on a number of questions related to intergroup hostility and aggression toward out-groups, similar to those used in many lab studies of uncertainty. We anticipated that those who had experienced adversity would show more extreme support for their position. There was a positive relationship between adversity and the tendency to strongly affirm and polarize their positions. Results suggest that adverse life events may lead to long-lasting changes in one’s tendency to polarize one’s political attitudes.

scholarly journals Do adverse life events at first onset of auditory verbal hallucinations influence subsequent voice characteristics? Results from an epidemiological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef J. Bless ◽  
Frank Larøi ◽  
Julien Laloyaux ◽  
Kristiina Kompus ◽  
Bodil Kråkvik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
First Onset

Stress and the healthy adolescent brain: Evidence for the neural embedding of life events

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Ganzel ◽  
Pilyoung Kim ◽  
Heather Gilmore ◽  
Nim Tottenham ◽  
Elise Temple
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Healthy Adolescent ◽  
Fearful Faces ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Multiple Regions

AbstractLittle is known about the long-term neural consequences of adverse life events for healthy adolescents, and this is particularly the case for events that occur after a putative stress-sensitive period in early childhood. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study of healthy adolescents, we found that prior exposure to severe adverse life events was associated with current anxiety and with increased amygdala reactivity to standardized emotional stimuli (viewing of fearful faces relative to calm ones). Conjunction analyses identified multiple regions, including the amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex, in which reactivity to emotional faces covaried with life events as well as with current anxiety. Our morphometric analyses suggest systemic alterations in structural brain development with an association between anxiety symptoms and global gray matter volume. No life events were reported for the period before 4 years of age, suggesting that these results were not driven by exposure to stress during an early sensitive period in development. Overall, these data suggest systemic effects of traumatic events on the dynamically developing brain that are present even in a nonclinical sample of adolescents.

scholarly journals Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self-Control

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2059-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeun Park ◽  
Alisa Yu ◽  
Sarah E. Metz ◽  
Eli Tsukayama ◽  
Alia J. Crum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adverse Life Events

The epidemiology of psychiatrist-ascertained depression and DSM-III depressive disorders Results from the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey Clinical

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Romanoski ◽  
M. F. Folstein ◽  
G. Nestadt ◽  
R. Chahal ◽  
A. Merchant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Symptom Profiles ◽  
Examination Method ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
History Of

SynopsisPsychiatrists used a semi-structured Standardized Psychiatric Examination method to examine 810 adults drawn from a probability sample of eastern Baltimore residents in 1981. Of the population, 5·9% was found to be significantly depressed. DSM-III major depression (MD) had a prevalence of 1·1% and ‘non-major depression’ (nMD), our collective term for the other depressive disorder categories in DSM-III, had a prevalence of 3·4%. The two types of depression differed by sex ratio, age-specific prevalence, symptom severity, symptom profiles, and family history of suicide. Analyses using a multiple logistic regression model discerned that both types of depression were influenced by adverse life events, and that nMD was influenced strongly by gender, marital status, and lack of employment outside the home. Neither type of depression was influenced by income, education, or race. This study validates the concept of major depression as a clinical entity. Future studies of the aetiology, mechanism, and treatment of depression should distinguish between these two types of depression.

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