scholarly journals Strength and performance asymmetry during maximal velocity sprint running

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Exell ◽  
G. Irwin ◽  
M. Gittoes ◽  
D. Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Performance Asymmetry ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Relationship of Limb Lengths and Body Composition to Lifting in Weightlifting

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Dafnis Vidal Pérez ◽  
José Miguel Martínez-Sanz ◽  
Alberto Ferriz-Valero ◽  
Violeta Gómez-Vicente ◽  
Eva Ausó
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Level I ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Weightlifting is a discipline where technique and anthropometric characteristics are essential to achieve the best results in competitions. This study aims to analyse the relationships between body composition, limb length and barbell kinematics in the performance of weightlifters. It consists of an observational and descriptive study of 19 athletes (12 men [28.50 ± 6.37 years old; 84.58 ± 14.11 kg; 176.18 ± 6.85 cm] and 7 women [27.71 ± 6.34 years old; 64.41 ± 7.63 kg; 166.94 ± 4.11 cm]) who met the inclusion criteria. A level I anthropometrist took anthropometric measures according to the methodology of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK), and the measurement of the barbell velocity was made with the software Kinovea. In terms of body composition, both genders are within the percentage range of fat mass recommended for this sport. In female weightlifters, there is a positive correlation between foot length, maximal velocity in the Snatch (ρ = 0.775, p = 0.041), and performance indicator in the Snatch and the Clean & Jerk (ρ = 0.964, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.883, p = 0.008, respectively). In male weightlifters, a positive correlation between tibial length and average velocity of the barbell in the Snatch is observed (ρ = 0.848, p < 0.001). Muscle mass percentage correlates positively with performance indicator in both techniques (ρ = 0.634, p = 0.027; ρ = 0.720, p = 0.008). Also, the relative length of the upper limb is negatively correlated with the performance indicator (ρ = −0.602, p = 0.038). Anthropometry and body composition may facilitate skill acquisition among this sport population, contributing to increase the limited body of scientific knowledge related to weightlifting.

scholarly journals The effects of lower-limb wearable resistance on sprint performance in high school American football athletes: A nine-week training study

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110034
Author(s):  
Erin H Feser ◽  
Christian Korfist ◽  
Kyle Lindley ◽  
Neil E Bezodis ◽  
Kenneth Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
American Football ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Mass Load ◽  
Low Volume

Time constraints often result in the challenge to fit desired programming into training time allotments. Wearable resistance (WR) may be an option to optimise the training content in function of constrained training time. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a lower-limb WR sprint running training intervention on athlete speed capabilities following a nine-week off-season, low volume training period within a sample of American football high school athletes. Nineteen athletes completed pre- and post-intervention testing of two maximal effort 30 m sprints. Horizontal force-velocity mechanical profiling variables, sprint times, and maximal velocity were calculated from sprint running velocity data collected by a radar device. The athletes completed seventeen dedicated sprint training sessions during the off-season. The intervention (WR) group completed the sessions with 1% body mass load attached to the shanks (i.e. 0.50% body mass load on each limb). The control group completed the same training sessions unloaded. Post-intervention, no statistically significant between group differences were observed ( p > 0.05). However, athletes in both groups experienced increases in velocity measures following the sprint training. The greater adjusted mean theoretical maximal velocity scores ( p > 0.05; ES = 0.30) found for the WR group compared to the control group at post-intervention may suggest that WR amplifies the nuances of the training protocol itself. Coaches can consider using lower-limb WR training to increase in-session workloads during periods of low volume training but more research is needed to better understand to what extent WR training might provide an added value to optimise both the training content and planning, as well as the athlete’s training response in order to improve sprint running performance.

Pectoral fin locomotion in the striped surfperch. II. Scaling swimming kinematics and performance at a gait transition

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (10) ◽  
pp. 2243-2252 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Drucker ◽  
J Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Gait Transition ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
And Performance

In this study, we report the first allometric equations relating gait parameters and swimming speed to body size for fish employing pectoral fin locomotion. Comparisons of locomotor kinematics and performance among striped surfperch (Teleostei: Embiotocidae) are made at the pectoral&shy;caudal gait transition speed (Up-c). Up-c is considered to elicit physiologically equivalent levels of exercise in animals varying over 100-fold in body mass (Mb) by virtue of dynamically similar pectoral fin movements (constant duty factor, length-specific stride length and fin-beat amplitude) and size-independent propulsive efficiency. At Up-c, pectoral fin-beat frequency scales in proportion to Mb-0.12&plusmn;0.03, a size-dependence consistent with that observed for stride frequency in fishes swimming by axial undulatory propulsion and in many running tetrapods. It is proposed that the similarity in the scaling of frequency in these vertebrate groups reflects an underlying similarity in the allometry of the maximal velocity of muscle shortening. Absolute Up-c (m s-1) generally increases with body size, but the fastest speeds are not exhibited by the largest animals. A pattern of declining performance in fish 23 cm in standard length and longer may be related to their disproportionately small fin areas and aspect ratios. The pronounced negative allometry of Up-c expressed as standard body lengths per second indicates that a given length-specific speed does not induce comparable levels of activity in large and small fish. Thus, normalization of swimming speed to body length may not be a sufficient correction for kinematic comparisons across size.

Correlation of Reaction Time and Performance in 60 and 200m Sprint Running

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S310
Author(s):  
Giorgos Paradisis ◽  
Elias Zacharogiannis ◽  
Stavros Tziortzis
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
And Performance

Muscle metabolism and performance improvement after two training programmes of sprint running differing in rest interval duration

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ploutarchos Saraslanidis ◽  
Anatoli Petridou ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis ◽  
Nikiforos Galanis ◽  
George Tsalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Training Programmes

Intralimb Joint Coordination Patterns of the Lower Extremity in Maximal Velocity Phase Sprint Running

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne J.R. Gittoes ◽  
Cassie Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Coordination Pattern ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Joint Coordination ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
Joint Coupling ◽  
Plane Joint ◽  
Coordination Patterns ◽  
Coordinate Data

This study aimed to develop insight into the lower extremity joint coupling motions used in the maximal velocity phase of sprint running. Two-dimensional coordinate data were used to derive sagittal plane joint angle profiles of sprint running trials. Intralimb joint coupling motions were examined using a continuous relative phase (CRP) analysis. The knee-ankle (KA) coupling was more out of phase compared with the hip-knee (HK) coupling across the step phase (mean CRP: KA 89.9° HK 34.2°) and produced a lower within-athlete CRP variability (VCRP) in stance. Touchdown (TD) produced more out-of-phase motions and a larger VCRP than toe-off. A destabilization of the lower extremity coordination pattern was considered necessary at TD to allow for the swing-to-stance transition. The key role that the KA joint motion has in the movement patterns used by healthy athletes in the maximal velocity phase of sprint running was highlighted.

scholarly journals Monitoring Changes Over a Training Macrocycle in Regional Age‐Group Swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Guilherme Tucher ◽  
Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro ◽  
Nuno Domingos Garrido ◽  
Ricardo Jorge Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Stroke Length ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Our aim was to analyze physiological, kinematical and performance changes induced by swimming training in regional age‐group athletes. Subjects (15.7 ± 2.2 years old) performed a 4 x 50‐m front‐crawl test at maximal velocity (10 s rest interval) in weeks 2, 4, 9 and 12 of a 15‐week macrocycle. Descriptive statistics were used and the percentage of change and smallest worthwhile change (moderate, 0.6‐1.2, and large, > 1.2) were measured. Lactate concentration in the third, seventh and twelfth minute of recovery decreased significantly between weeks 2‐9 (14.1, 15.7 and 17.6%) and increased between weeks 9‐12 (18.2, 18.6 and 19.8%), with the HR presenting only trivial variations during the training period. Stroke length showed a large decrease in the first 50‐m trial between weeks 4‐9 (6.2%) and a large increase between weeks 9‐12 (3.1%). The stroke rate (in all 50‐m trials) increased significantly between weeks 4‐9 (3‐ 7%) and the stroke index had a moderate to large increase in the first and third 50‐m trial (3.6 and 7.1%, respectively) between weeks 9‐12. The overall time decreased by 1.1% between weeks 2‐12, being more evident after week 4. We concluded that physiological, kinematical and performance variables were affected by the period of training in regional age‐group swimmers.

Correlation of Reaction Time and Performance in 100 m Sprint Running

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S518
Author(s):  
Giorgos Paradisis ◽  
Elias Zacharogiannis ◽  
Athanasia Smirniotou ◽  
Stavros Tziortzis ◽  
Andreas Kritharakis
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Use of an Inertial Measurement System to Calculate Maximal Power during Running Sprint Acceleration: Comparison with the Radar System

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Jean Slawinski ◽  
Benjamin Millot ◽  
Nicolas Houel ◽  
Daniel Dinu
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Sprint Running ◽  
System P ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
Measurement Units

The maximal total power (Pmax) is one of the major determinants of sprint performance. It can be calculated using a simple model based on the runner’s velocity. This velocity has already been measured with force plates, video cameras or a radar system, but not with an inertial system. The purpose of this study was to compare Pmax measured with a radar system and with a multiple inertial sensors system. Seven participants (174.0 ± 6.9 cm; 67.7 ± 10.1 kg; 22.3 ± 1.7 years) realized two maximal 40-m sprints. Each athlete was equipped with an instrumented suit composed of 17 inertial measurement units (IMU) (Xsens), and a radar (Stalker ATS) was placed behind them. Both systems measured the athletes’ instantaneous horizontal velocity during the acceleration phase. Using an exponential model, Pmax, maximal velocity (Vmax), the slope of the exponential model (τ), maximal force (F0) and the slope of the force, the velocity relationship (SFV) was calculated. The results showed that Pmax, Vmax, τ, F0 and SFV were not significantly different between the radar and the Xsens system (p > 0.13). Pmax, Vmax and F0 measured with the radar were correlated with the same parameters measured with Xsens (r > 0.81 and p ≤ 0.03). The IMU system can be accurately used to measure the main parameters that determine the sprint running performance: Pmax, Vmax and F0. Moreover, contrary to the radar system, multiple inertial sensors will allow for an understanding of the role of the segments in maximal sprint running.

scholarly journals Effect of Descent Velocity upon Muscle Activation and Performance in Two-Legged Free Weight Back Squats

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Van den Tillaar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Slow Condition ◽  
Minimal Velocity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stored Elastic Energy ◽  
Ascent Phase ◽  
Second Peak

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of descent velocity during two-legged full back squats upon muscle activation and squat ascent performance. Methods: Eleven healthy resistance-training males (age: 24 ± 6 years, body mass: 89.5 ± 21.5 kg, height: 1.84 ± 0.10 m) performed 4-repetition maximum (4-RM) two-legged full squats with slow, normal, and fast descent phases. Kinematics and muscle activity of ten muscles divided into five regions were measured. Results: The main findings were that maximal and minimal velocity were lower and maximal velocity occurred later in the slow condition, while there was no difference in second peak velocity or ascent displacement when compared with the normal and fast conditions. Furthermore, no differences in muscle activation were found as an effect of the descent velocity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the slow descent velocity had a negative effect upon the ascent phase, because of the lower peak velocity and peak force increasing the chance of failure. The lower velocities were not caused by lower pre-activation of the muscles but were probably a result of potentiation and/or utilization of stored elastic energy and/or the stretch reflex.

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