scholarly journals M2000 (β-D-Mannuronic Acid) as a Novel Antagonist for Blocking the TLR2 and TLR4 Downstream Signalling Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aletaha ◽  
L. Haddad ◽  
M. Roozbehkia ◽  
R. Bigdeli ◽  
V. Asgary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Mannuronic Acid ◽  
Downstream Signalling Pathway

scholarly journals Involvement of IGF-1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway in Increased Number of GnRH3 Neurons During Androgen-induced Sex Reversal of the Brain in Female Tilapia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Oda ◽  
Sakura Inoue ◽  
Ryo Kaneko ◽  
Yasuto Narita ◽  
Suzuka Shiono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Slices ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Mature Female ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Downstream Signalling Pathway

Abstract The neuroplastic mechanism of sex reversal in the fish brain remains unclear due to the difficulty in identifying the key neurons involved. Mozambique tilapia show different reproductive behaviours between sexes; males build circular breeding nests while females hold and brood fertilized eggs in their mouth. In tilapia, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 3 (GnRH3) neurons, located in the terminal nerve, regulate male reproductive behaviour. Mature males have more GnRH3 neurons than mature females, and these neurons have been indicated to play a key role in the androgen-induced female-to-male sex reversal of the brain. We aimed to elucidate the signalling pathway involved in the androgen-induced increase in GnRH3 neurons in mature female tilapia. Applying inhibitors to organotypic cultures of brain slices, we showed that the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor (IGF-1R)/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway contributed to the androgen-induced increase in GnRH3 neurons. The involvement of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT)-induced development of GnRH3 neurons was supported by an increase in Igf-1 mRNA shortly after 11-KT treatment, the increase of GnRH3 neurons after IGF-1 treatment and the expression of IGF-1 in GnRH3 neurons. Our findings highlight the involvement of IGF-1 and its downstream signalling pathway in the sex reversal of the tilapia brain.

Niacin inhibits the synthesis of milk fat in BMECs through the GPR109A-mediated downstream signalling pathway

Life Sciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 118415
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Shoupeng Fu ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Yusong Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Downstream Signalling Pathway
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