scholarly journals Modulation of IL-33/ST2-TIR and TLR Signalling Pathway by Fingolimod and Analogues in Immune Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rüger ◽  
F. Ottenlinger ◽  
M. Schröder ◽  
A. Živković ◽  
H. Stark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Tlr Signalling

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of the Signatures of Infiltrating Immune Cells in the Eutopic Endometrium Endometria of Women With Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Guang Wu ◽  
Jin-Jiao Chen ◽  
Hui-Ling Zhou ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Fei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Normal Controls

Endometriosis is an oestrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process with primary symptoms including dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. The immune environment of the endometrium is essential for successful embryo implantation and ongoing pregnancy. In this study, we assessed the composition, density, and distribution of infiltrating immune cells in the endometria of women with endometriosis. Gene expression profiles of endometrial samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We found that the TNF signalling pathway, the IL-17 signalling pathway, and the MAPK signalling pathway were significantly enriched in the eutopic endometria of women with endometriosis. The fractions and proportion of infiltrating immune cells were estimated by the CIBERSORT, MCP-counter, and ImmuCellAI methods. We found that the proportions of CD8+ T cells, activated NK cells, and follicular helper T cells were significantly higher in the endometria of women with endometriosis than in the endometria of normal controls, while the proportions of M2 macrophages and resting mast cells were significantly lower in the eutopic endometria. In GSE120103 (n = 36), we found that elevated CD8+ T cells in endometriosis increased the risk of infertility (P = 0.0019). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of CD8+ T cells to distinguish fertile and infertile endometriosis was 0.914. In clinical samples (n = 40), we found that the proportions of CD8+ T cells and CD56+ NK cells were significantly higher in the eutopic endometria of women with endometriosis than in the endometria of normal controls, while the proportion of CD163+ macrophages were lower in the eutopic endometria. The AUCs of CD8+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages were 0.727 and 0.833, respectively, which indicated that CD8 and CD163 were potential diagnostic markers for endometriosis. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that increased CD8+ T cells and CD56+ NK cells and decreased CD163+ macrophages within the eutopic endometria of women with endometriosis reveal a proinflammatory feature in the endometrial immune environment and that elevated CD8+ T cells increase the risk of infertility in women with the disease.

Card9 controls a non-TLR signalling pathway for innate anti-fungal immunity

Nature ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 442 (7103) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Gross ◽  
Andreas Gewies ◽  
Katrin Finger ◽  
Martin Schäfer ◽  
Tim Sparwasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Fungal Immunity ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Tlr Signalling

scholarly journals Gene profiling of Toll-like receptor signalling pathways in neutrophils of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yijie Wang ◽  
Lingjia Tong ◽  
Meng Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Failure ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Compensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Tlr Signalling

Abstract Objectives Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on neutrophils play a crucial role in detecting pathogens and organ/tissue injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, little is known about the exact mechanisms and potential signalling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in TLR signalling pathways in neutrophils of ACLF patients. Methods Twenty-seven patients with compensated cirrhosis (n = 9), decompensated cirrhosis (n = 9) and ACLF (n = 9) were enrolled in the study. Neutrophils were isolated, and alterations in TLR signalling pathways were evaluated using an RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array. The fold change for each gene (2(−∆∆CT)) was compared among the groups. Genes with a fold change ratio of ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5 along with a p value of < 0.05 were considered to be differentially expressed. Results A total of 17 genes were upregulated in neutrophils from patients with compensated cirrhosis and were mainly distributed in adaptors, TLR-interacting proteins and downstream pathways. Six genes were detected in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. A trend of downregulation of genes in the TLR signalling pathway was observed in neutrophils of patients with cirrhosis and ACLF. TLR3, IFNG, IL1B, TBK1, CCL2 and LTA were downregulated in neutrophils. Moreover, CD14 and IL10 were upregulated in neutrophils of ACLF patients. Conclusions TLR signalling pathway genes were differentially regulated in neutrophils between cirrhosis and ACLF. In ACLF patients, defective expression of TLR3 and IFN, along with enhanced CD14 and IL10 expression, was characterized by transcriptional alterations of neutrophils.

scholarly journals Dinoflagellate symbionts escape vomocytosis by host cell immune suppression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie R. Jacobovitz ◽  
Sebastian Rupp ◽  
Philipp A. Voss ◽  
Sebastian G. Gornik ◽  
Annika Guse
Keyword(s):  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Adapter Protein ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
Symbiotic Microalgae ◽  
Tlr Signalling

AbstractEmergence of the symbiotic lifestyle fostered the immense diversity of all ecosystems on Earth, but symbiosis plays a particularly remarkable role in marine ecosystems. Photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts power reef ecosystems by transferring vital nutrients to their coral hosts. The mechanisms driving this symbiosis, specifically those which allow hosts to discriminate between beneficial symbionts and pathogens, are not well understood. Here, we uncover that host immune suppression is key for dinoflagellate endosymbionts to avoid elimination by the host using a comparative, model systems approach. Unexpectedly, we find that the clearance of non-symbiotic microalgae occurs by non-lytic expulsion (vomocytosis) and not intracellular digestion, the canonical mechanism used by professional immune cells to destroy foreign invaders. We provide evidence that suppression of TLR signalling by targeting the conserved MyD88 adapter protein has been co-opted for this endosymbiotic lifestyle, suggesting that this is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism exploited to facilitate symbiotic associations ranging from coral endosymbiosis to the microbiome of vertebrate guts.

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