scholarly journals An Assessment of Third‐Party Reporting of Close Ties to Measure Sensitive Behaviors: The Confidante Method to Measure Abortion Incidence in Ethiopia and Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Giorgio ◽  
Elizabeth Sully ◽  
Doris W. Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Abortion Incidence

scholarly journals An assessment of third-party reporting of close ties to measure sensitive behaviors: the Confidante Method to measure abortion incidence in Ethiopia and Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Giorgio ◽  
Elizabeth Sully ◽  
Doris Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Indirect Estimation ◽  
Estimation Techniques ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
Abortion Incidence

Indirect estimation techniques are an important tool for measuring sensitive and stigmatized behaviors. This includes third-party reporting methods, which have become increasingly common in the field of abortion measurement, where direct survey approaches notoriously lead to underreporting. This paper provides the first in-depth assessment of one of the most widely used of these techniques in the field of abortion measurement: the Confidante Method. We outline six key assumptions behind the Confidante Method and describe how violations of these assumptions can bias resulting estimates. Using data from modules added to the nationally representative Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) surveys in Uganda and Ethiopia in 2018, we compute one-year abortion incidence estimates using the Confidante Method. We also perform a validation check, using the method to estimate IUD and implant use. While our results reveal that the method performed differently in each country, there were implementation problems in both settings. Several of the method’s foundational assumptions were violated, and efforts to adjust for these violations either failed or only partially addressed the resulting bias. Our validation check also failed, resulting in a gross over-estimate of IUD and implant use. We identify substantial biases in both the numerator and denominator of our abortion estimates and challenge the continued use of this method to estimate abortion incidence. These results have implications more broadly for the potential biases that can be introduced in using third-party reporting of close ties to measure other sensitive or stigmatized behaviors.

The many faces of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract My response to the commentaries focuses on four issues: (1) the diversity both within and between cultures of the many different faces of obligation; (2) the possible evolutionary roots of the sense of obligation, including possible sources that I did not consider; (3) the possible ontogenetic roots of the sense of obligation, including especially children's understanding of groups from a third-party perspective (rather than through participation, as in my account); and (4) the relation between philosophical accounts of normative phenomena in general – which are pitched as not totally empirical – and empirical accounts such as my own. I have tried to distinguish comments that argue for extensions of the theory from those that represent genuine disagreement.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Coding for Evaluation and Treatment

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Kander ◽  
Steve White
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Coding Rules ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
The Web

Abstract This article explains the development and use of ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes, CPT procedure codes, and HCPCS supply/device codes. Examples of appropriate coding combinations, and Coding rules adopted by most third party payers are given. Additionally, references for complete code lists on the Web and a list of voice-related CPT code edits are included. The reader is given adequate information to report an evaluation or treatment session with accurate diagnosis, procedure, and supply/device codes. Speech-language pathologists can accurately code services when given adequate resources and rules and are encouraged to insert relevant codes in the medical record rather than depend on billing personnel to accurately provide this information. Consultation is available from the Division 3 Reimbursement Committee members and from [email protected] .

Feeling Bad and Doing Good

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoko Watanabe ◽  
Sean M. Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Systematic Examination

Abstract. Previous forgiveness research has mostly focused on victims’ forgiveness of transgressors, and offenders’ post-transgression efforts intended to promote victim forgiveness have been collectively branded as apology. However, decisions concerning forgiveness frequently occur outside of dyadic contexts, and the unique roles of repentance and atonement in determining forgivability of offenders, despite their preeminence in theology and law, have received little empirical attention. Across five experiments ( N = 938), we show that repentance and atonement independently influence third-party perception of forgivability for a variety of harms, even in disinterested contexts. Our findings provide a systematic examination of decisions about forgivability disentangled from direct personal involvement, demonstrating that components of apology known to facilitate forgiveness in victims also increase perceived forgivability from unharmed observers.

Resolving tension from the third-party forgiveness effect

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn M. Moloney ◽  
Chelsea A. Reid ◽  
Jody L. Davis ◽  
Jeni L. Burnette ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third Party
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