scholarly journals Free Access to a Broad Contraceptive Method Mix and Women's Contraceptive Choice: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22
Author(s):  
Wei Chang ◽  
Katherine Tumlinson
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Contraceptive Choice ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Method Mix

scholarly journals A cross-country qualitative study on contraceptive method mix: contraceptive decisionmaking among youth

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Ouma ◽  
Burcu Bozkurt ◽  
Jill Chanley ◽  
Christine Power ◽  
Ronald Kakonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Method Mix

Abstract Background Youth ages 15 to 24, who comprise a large portion of sub-Saharan Africa, face a higher burden of unmet contraceptive need than adults. Despite increased international and national commitments to improving young people’s access to contraception, significant barriers impede their access to a full range of methods. To further explore these barriers among youth in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda, we conducted a qualitative study to capture the challenges that affect contraceptive method decisionmaking and complicate youth access to the full method mix. Methods To understand factors that impact young people’s contraceptive decisionmaking process across all three countries, we conducted a total of 35 focus group discussions with 171 youth ages 15 to 24 and 130 in-depth interviews with key stakeholders working in youth family planning. Questionnaires aligned with the High Impact Practices in Family Planning’s elements of adolescent-friendly contraceptive services. Data were coded with MAXQDA and analyzed using a framework for contraceptive decisionmaking to identify relevant patterns and themes. Results In all three countries, youth reported that condoms are the most commonly sought contraceptive method because they are easiest to access and because youth have limited knowledge of other methods. Youth from diverse settings shared uncertainty and concern about the safety and side effects of many methods other than condoms, complicating their ability to take full advantage of other available methods. While most youth in Kenya, Nigeria, and Uganda reported at least moderate confidence in obtaining the information needed to help choose a method, and only a few youth reported that they are completely unable to access contraceptives, other barriers still present a major deterrent for youth, including cost, inconvenient facility hours and long wait times, and stigma from family, community members, and providers. Conclusions Young people’s ability to fully exercise their method choice remains limited despite availability of services, leading them to take the path of least resistance. Program implementers and policymakers should consider the diverse and often interconnected barriers that youth face in attempting to enjoy the benefits of a full spectrum of contraceptive methods and design multi-level interventions to mitigate such barriers.

The U.S. Textile and Apparel Industry in the Age of Globalization

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Rees ◽  
Jan Hathcote
Keyword(s):  
Apparel Industry ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Textile And Apparel ◽  
Textile And Apparel Industries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Textile And Apparel Industry ◽  
The U.S

The contemporary U.S. textile and apparel industry has faced significant challenges as the volume of imported goods entering the domestic market has continually increased. In attempts to both foster development in select world regions and maintain viability of the domestic industry, the U.S. government has negotiated a variety of trade agreements extending preferential treatment, including duty- and quota-free access to the U.S. market for apparel and other textile products manufactured in developing countries in the Caribbean Basin, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Andean region. In addition, provisions included in the agreement granting China, the world's largest producer of textiles and apparel, admission to the World Trade Organization have allowed this country to become an immediate beneficiary of the MFA quota phase-out. This article examines the current state of the domestic textile and apparel industry and provides an overview of trade agreements enacted during the past decade that are of specific interest within the textile and apparel sector. It offers insight into challenges and opportunities for both the domestic textile and apparel industries in an age of rapid globalization as final elimination of the existing quota system in 2005 approaches.

scholarly journals Introducing the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring in Sub-Saharan Africa: What Can We Learn from Oral PrEP?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraja Bhavaraju ◽  
Kathleen Shears ◽  
Katie Schwartz ◽  
Saiqa Mullick ◽  
Patriciah Jeckonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Vaginal Ring ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Method Mix ◽  
Oral Prep

Abstract Purpose of review Clinical trials have found that the dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) is safe to use and effective at reducing women’s risk of acquiring HIV infection. As countries prepare for the introduction of this novel long-acting, woman-controlled prevention method, an examination of key learnings from oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery will help programs leverage successful innovations and approaches to support DVR scale-up and expand the method mix for HIV prevention. Recent findings Intensive efforts over the past 5 years have yielded lessons on how to facilitate access to oral PrEP; expand service delivery for PrEP; address the knowledge, attitudes, and skills providers need to support PrEP initiation and effective use; develop messaging that builds community and partner support and combats stigma; and understand the cyclical nature of PrEP use. Summary Evidence from oral PrEP introduction and scale-up can help inform and expedite DVR introduction.

Apparel sourcing in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-218
Author(s):  
Ruth Dede Adikorley ◽  
Kristin Thoney-Barletta ◽  
Jeff Joines ◽  
Lori Rothenberg
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine why Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not currently a major player in producing apparel for the US market and determine if SSA is likely to become one because of several opportunities that the region offers, including relatively low labor wages, an ample labor force and duty-free access to the USA through the 10-year renewal of AGOA. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with eight high-level executives in apparel sourcing and trade agencies to obtain their views on the opportunities and challenges of sourcing in SSA in relation to other major apparel sourcing regions. A descriptive analysis of the qualitative data was used to answer three research questions. Findings The findings reveal that SSA is a competitive region to source from, because of low labor wages and the duty-free benefits through AGOA. However, several challenges hinder a significant increase in sourcing from SSA. The executives recommended that for SSA to be a significant force in the global apparel market, vertical supply chains should be developed, where raw materials like fabric are sourced from within the country/region and SSA governments should become more involved in business environment improvements. Originality/value At present, there is limited academic literature on sourcing and supplier selection in Africa, particularly in textile and apparel sourcing in SSA. Based on interviews from high-level executives engaged in the sourcing decision-making process, this study reveals the benefits, challenges and opportunities for sourcing apparel from SSA countries.

scholarly journals Characterisation of the rural indigent population in Burkina Faso: a screening tool for setting priority healthcare services in sub-Saharan Africa

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e013405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiratou Ouédraogo ◽  
Valéry Ridde ◽  
Nicole Atchessi ◽  
Aurélia Souares ◽  
Jean-Louis Koulidiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Government Ethics ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundIn Africa, health research on indigent people has focused on how to target them for services, but little research has been conducted to identify the social groups that compose indigence. Our aim was to identify what makes someone indigent beyond being recognised by the community as needing a card for free healthcare.MethodsWe used data from a survey conducted to evaluate a state-led intervention for performance-based financing of health services in two districts of Burkina Faso. In 2015, we analysed data of 1783 non-indigents and 829 people defined as indigents by their community in 21 villages following community-based targeting processes. Using a classification tree, we built a model to select socioeconomic and health characteristics that were likely to distinguish between non-indigents and indigents. We described the screening performance of the tree using data from specific nodes.ResultsWidow(er)s under 45 years of age, unmarried people aged 45 years and over, and married women aged 60 years and over were more likely to be identified as indigents by their community. Simple rules based on age, marital status and gender detected indigents with sensitivity of 75.6% and specificity of 55% among those 45 years and over; among those under 45, sensitivity was 85.5% and specificity 92.2%. For both tests combined, sensitivity was 78% and specificity 81%.ConclusionIn moving towards universal health coverage, Burkina Faso should extend free access to priority healthcare services to widow(er)s under 45, unmarried people aged 45 years and over, and married women aged 60 years and over, and services should be adapted to their health needs.Ethics considerationsThe collection, storage and release of data for research purposes were authorised by a government ethics committee in Burkina Faso (Decision No. 2013-7-066). Respondent consent was obtained verbally.

Mobile Open-Access Revolutionizing Learning Among University Students in Kenya

2017 ◽  
pp. 144-165
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Njeru
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
University Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Today's knowledge-based economy requires that nations equip their citizens with appropriate skills, and a demand for university education has continued to soar. In much of Sub-Saharan Africa, however, the rapid increase in university enrollments has not been matched with an expansion of the relevant infrastructure, resulting in among other things, overcrowded classrooms and inadequate libraries. On the other hand, there has been a robust growth in the sector of technology globally. This chapter examines the rapid expansion of university education in Kenya and its implications on quality, as well as possible contributions of the Smartphone to learning. Challenges aside, the author concludes that the Smartphone could be exploited to supplement learning as it enables the student to access academic and research materials from credible sources that are either on free-access or subscribed-for through their home university libraries. Samples from forty-nine responses from university students are included in the chapter.

scholarly journals Contraceptive method switching among women living in sub-Saharan Africa participating in an HIV-1 prevention trial: a prospective cohort study

Contraception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Chappell ◽  
Ishana Harkoo ◽  
Daniel W. Szydlo ◽  
Katherine E. Bunge ◽  
Devika Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Prevention Trial ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Hiv 1

Mobile Open-Access Revolutionizing Learning Among University Students in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 725-742
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Njeru
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
University Education ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Free Access ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Learning Challenges ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Today's knowledge-based economy requires that nations equip their citizens with appropriate skills, and a demand for university education has continued to soar. In much of Sub-Saharan Africa, however, the rapid increase in university enrollments has not been matched with an expansion of the relevant infrastructure, resulting in among other things, overcrowded classrooms and inadequate libraries. On the other hand, there has been a robust growth in the sector of technology globally. This chapter examines the rapid expansion of university education in Kenya and its implications on quality, as well as possible contributions of the Smartphone to learning. Challenges aside, the author concludes that the Smartphone could be exploited to supplement learning as it enables the student to access academic and research materials from credible sources that are either on free-access or subscribed-for through their home university libraries. Samples from forty-nine responses from university students are included in the chapter.

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