scholarly journals Attitudes towards oldest‐old adults (age ≥80 years): A survey and international comparison between Swedish and Austrian nursing students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Heckemann ◽  
Gerhilde Schüttengruber ◽  
Axel Wolf ◽  
Franziska Großschädl ◽  
Christopher Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
International Comparison ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Old Adults

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3759
Author(s):  
Varsha D. Badal ◽  
Eleonora D. Vaccariello ◽  
Emily R. Murray ◽  
Kasey E. Yu ◽  
Rob Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Amino Acid Synthesis ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Functional Pathways

Aging is determined by complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome lies at the core of many age-associated changes, including immune system dysregulation and susceptibility to diseases. The gut microbiota undergoes extensive changes across the lifespan, and age-related processes may influence the gut microbiota and its related metabolic alterations. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current literature on aging-associated alterations in diversity, composition, and functional features of the gut microbiota. We identified 27 empirical human studies of normal and successful aging suitable for inclusion. Alpha diversity of microbial taxa, functional pathways, and metabolites was higher in older adults, particularly among the oldest-old adults, compared to younger individuals. Beta diversity distances significantly differed across various developmental stages and were different even between oldest-old and younger-old adults. Differences in taxonomic composition and functional potential varied across studies, but Akkermansia was most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant with aging, whereas Faecalibacterium, Bacteroidaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were relatively reduced. Older adults have reduced pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid synthesis; however, oldest-old adults exhibited functional differences that distinguished their microbiota from that of young-old adults, such as greater potential for short-chain fatty acid production and increased butyrate derivatives. Although a definitive interpretation is limited by the cross-sectional design of published reports, we integrated findings of microbial composition and downstream functional pathways and metabolites, offering possible explanations regarding age-related processes.

scholarly journals Characteristic Factors of Aspiration Pneumonia to Distinguish from Community-Acquired Pneumonia among Oldest-Old Patients in Primary-Care Settings of Japan

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshie Manabe ◽  
Kazuhiko Kotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Teraura ◽  
Kensuke Minami ◽  
Takahide Kohro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Primary Care Settings

Background: Aspiration pneumonia (AsP), a phenotype of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is a common and problematic disease with symptomless recurrence and fatality in old adults. Characteristic factors for distinguishing AsP from CAP need to be determined to manage AsP. No such factorial markers in oldest-old adults, who are often seen in the primary-care settings, have yet been established. Methods: From the database of our Primary Care and General Practice Study, including the general backgrounds, clinical conditions and laboratory findings collected by primary care physicians and general practitioners, the records of 130 patients diagnosed with either AsP (n = 72) or CAP (n = 58) were extracted. Characteristic factors associated with the diagnosis of AsP were statistically compared between AsP and CAP. Results: The patients were older in the AsP group (median 90 years old) than in the CAP group (86 years old). The body temperature, heart rate, and diastolic blood pressure were lower in the patients with AsP than in those with CAP. Witnessed meal dysphagia by families and caregivers was reported only in AsP. Living in a nursing home, comorbidities of cerebral infarction and dementia (as positive factors) and hypertension (as a negative factor) were considered predictive to diagnose AsP in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: Among oldest-old adults in primary-care settings, living in a nursing home and the dysphagia risks are suggested to be characteristic factors for diagnosing AsP. Age and some relevant clinical information may help manage AsP and also be useful for families and caregivers.

scholarly journals Effects of an Evidence-Based Falls Risk-Reduction Program on Physical Activity and Falls Efficacy among Oldest-Old Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmyoung Cho ◽  
Matthew Lee Smith ◽  
SangNam Ahn ◽  
Keonyeop Kim ◽  
Bernard Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
Reduction Program

scholarly journals Total Water Intakes of Community-Living Middle-Old and Oldest-Old Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 64A (4) ◽  
pp. 481-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Zizza ◽  
K. J. Ellison ◽  
C. M. Wernette
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Community Living ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Old Adults

scholarly journals Laparoscopic Nephrectomy in Young-Old, Old-Old, and Oldest-Old Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. M287-M291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fornara ◽  
C. Doehn ◽  
R. Frese ◽  
D. Jocham
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Young Old

scholarly journals Have the Oldest Old Adults Ever Been Frail in the Past? A Hypothesis That Explains Modern Trends in Survival

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. B432-B442 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Yashin ◽  
S. V. Ukraintseva ◽  
G. De Benedictis ◽  
V. N. Anisimov ◽  
A. A. Butov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oldest Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Bridging Patterns of Neurocognitive Aging Across the Older Adult Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Merenstein ◽  
Ilana J. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Older Adult ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Aging Theories ◽  
Mri Studies ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging ◽  
Brain Maintenance

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain and neurocognitive aging rarely include oldest-old adults (ages 85+). But predictions of neurocognitive aging theories derived from MRI findings in younger-old adults (ages 65-85) may not generalize into advanced age, particularly given the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the oldest-old. Here, we reviewed the MRI literature in oldest-old adults and interpreted findings within the context of regional variation, compensation, brain maintenance, and reserve theories. Structural MRI studies revealed regional variation in brain aging as larger age effects on medial temporal and posterior regions for oldest-old than younger-old adults. They also revealed that brain maintenance explained preserved cognitive functioning into the tenth decade of life. Very few functional MRI studies support compensatory activity in oldest-old adults who perform as well as younger groups, although there was evidence that higher brain reserve in oldest-old adults may mediate effects of brain aging on cognition. Despite some continuity, different cognitive and neural profiles across the older adult lifespan should be addressed in modern neurocognitive aging theories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document