Farming Systems and Rural Out-Migration in Nang Rong, Thailand, and Chitwan Valley, Nepal

Abstract The Chitwan valley situated in the inner Terai, Nepal, is endowed with a favourable sub-tropical monsoonal climate, rich soil and abundant forest resources. Livelihoods of half of the population in Chitwan depend on farming. The average size of farm holdings is small (about 0.6 ha) with the agricultural system characterized by an integration of crop and livestock sub-systems. Recognizing the possible role of small-scale aquaculture in poverty alleviation in Nepal, the project "Women in Aquaculture in Nepal" aimed at the introduction and development of backyard pond aquaculture. It has been working with small-scale farming households of the traditional fishing communities of the Darai and Tharu in the Chitwan valley. The project has successfully demonstrated the role of backyard pond aquaculture to diversify the farming systems of traditional fishing communities in the Chitwan valley. Whilst farmers operated low-input aquaculture systems, there is scope for significantly increasing fish production through intensification.

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Promotion of small-scale pond aquaculture in Chitwan valley, Nepal.

10.1079/ac.67879.20203483359 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jharendu Pant

Keyword(s):

Farming Systems ◽

Fishing Communities ◽

Small Scale ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Pond Aquaculture ◽

Chitwan Valley ◽

Average Size ◽

Traditional Fishing ◽

Farming Households

Abstract The Chitwan valley, situated in the inner Terai, Nepal, is endowed with a favourable sub-tropical monsoonal climate, rich soil and abundant forest resources. The livelihoods of half of the population of Chitwan depend on farming. The average size of farm holdings is small (about 0.6 ha) with the agricultural system characterized by an integration of crop and livestock sub-systems. Recognizing the possible role of small-scale aquaculture in poverty alleviation in Nepal, the project "Women in Aquaculture in Nepal" is aimed at the introduction and development of backyard pond aquaculture. It has been working with small-scale farming households of the traditional fishing communities of the Darai and Tharu in the Chitwan valley. The project has successfully demonstrated the role of backyard pond aquaculture in diversifying the farming systems of traditional fishing communities in Chitwan valley. Whilst farmers operated low-input aquaculture systems, there is scope for significantly increasing fish production through intensification.

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Nitrogen fertilizer value of cattle manure applied on soils originating from organic and conventional farming systems

Agronomie ◽

10.1051/agro:2002044 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (7-8) ◽

pp. 789-800 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Monika Langmeier ◽

Emmanuel Frossard ◽

Michael Kreuzer ◽

Paul Mäder ◽

David Dubois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Conventional Farming ◽

Fertilizer Value ◽

Organic And Conventional Farming

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Farmers' needs for management, research and extension, and policy - findings of a farmers' workshop and their implications

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1992.54.2021 ◽

1992 ◽

pp. 7-10

Author(s):

A.F. Mcrae

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Management Research ◽

Business Objectives ◽

Research Technology ◽

Systems Research ◽

Farming Systems Research

Farmers' objectives, their circumstances and the constraints they face are central to any consideration of ways and means of improving farming systems. The management, research and extension, and policy needs of the farmers attending this workshop were diverse. This appeared to be linked with the (unexpected) degree of diversity in the business objectives and management structures on these farms. More formal research on these issues across the spectrum of farmers is required to ensure that research and technology transfer meet the industry's needs. Keywords farming systems, research, technology transfer, objectives

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A REVIEW OF 10 YEARS' RESEARCH WITH RED CLOVERS UNDER GRAZING IN SOUTHLAND

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1989.50.1885 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 181-187

Author(s):

R.J.M. Hay ◽

D.L. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Red Clover ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

High Quality ◽

Late Flowering ◽

Heavy Weight ◽

Widespread Acceptance ◽

Summer Growth

In a series of trials at Grasslands Gore, over 10 years, the late-flowering tetraploid red clover 'Grassland Pawera' was more productive and persistent than other red clover cultivars. The strong summer growth of Pawera meets the need for heavy-weight lamb feed and high quality forage for conservation in intensive sheep farming systems in Southland. Lenient. infrequent defoliation is necessary to maximise DM production and persistence of Pawera. The most compatible of the grasses evaluated was 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue. However, 'Grasslands Nui' ryegrass will still be the major grass sown with Pawera owing to its widespread acceptance. In ryegrass mixtures, sowing rates of 5-7 kg/ha of red clover were needed to optimise establishment and subsequent yield. Evidence of oestrogenic activity of Pewera to sheep prompted Grasslands Division to select within Pawera for a low formononetin cultivar. Keywords: red clover, Pawera. Hamua, Turoa. G21. G22, G27. oestrogenic activity, Nui ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris. Southland, sheep grazing, frequency, intensity, quality. seasonal growth

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Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2016.78.522 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 73-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F.G. Scrimgeour

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Rural Communities ◽

New Technologies ◽

Service Providers ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Hill Country ◽

The Status ◽

And Performance ◽

Hill Farming ◽

The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

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The management of risk in a dryland environment

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2011.73.2835 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

D.I. Gray ◽

J.I. Reid ◽

D.J. Horne

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Service Providers ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Market Risk ◽

Farm Size ◽

Forage Crops ◽

Risk Management Strategies ◽

Upside Risk

A group of 24 Hawke's Bay hill country farmers are working with service providers to improve the resilience of their farming systems. An important step in the process was to undertake an inventory of their risk management strategies. Farmers were interviewed about their farming systems and risk management strategies and the data was analysed using descriptive statistics. There was considerable variation in the strategies adopted by the farmers to cope with a dryland environment. Importantly, these strategies had to cope with three types of drought and also upside risk (better than expected conditions), and so flexibility was critical. Infra-structure was important in managing a dryland environment. Farmers chose between increased scale (increasing farm size) and geographic dispersion (owning a second property in another location) through to intensification (investing in subdivision, drainage, capital fertiliser, new pasture species). The study identified that there may be scope for further investment in infra-structural elements such as drainage, deeper rooting alternative pasture species and water harvesting, along with improved management of subterranean clover to improve flexibility. Many of the farmers used forage crops and idling capacity (reduced stocking rate) to improve flexibility; others argued that maintaining pasture quality and managing upside risk was a better strategy in a dryland environment. Supplementary feed was an important strategy for some farmers, but its use was limited by contour and machinery constraints. A surprisingly large proportion of farmers run breeding cows, a policy that is much less flexible than trading stock. However, several farmers had improved their flexibility by running a high proportion of trading cattle and buffer mobs of ewe hoggets and trade lambs. To manage market risk, the majority of farmers are selling a large proportion of their lambs prime. Similarly, cattle are either sold prime or store onto the grass market when prices are at a premium. However, market risk associated with the purchase of supplements and grazing was poorly managed.

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Classifying the Past: Discriminant Analysis and its Application to Medieval Farming Systems

History and Computing ◽

10.3366/hac.1996.8.1.1 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ken Bartley

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Processing Time ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Frame Of Reference ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Medieval Period ◽

The Past ◽

Livestock Management

This paper discusses the need for nationally based analytical models of the medieval period. The use of cluster analysis as a method for classifying demesne farms, by the crops they grew and their livestock management, is explained. Successful implementation of cluster analysis requires both the existence of a large base sample, to permit isolation of specific groupings within the data, and access to considerable processing time. The paper concludes by demonstrating how discriminant analysis can provide an efficient and systematic way of classifying even a single manor within a national frame of reference.

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