Mapping Poverty Rates in Chile with Night Lights and Fractional Multinomial Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cecchini ◽  
Giovanni Savio ◽  
Varinia Tromben
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Night Lights

A Hierarchy of Multinomial Models for Multidimensional Source Monitoring

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Tree Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed for the measurement of cognitive processes in source monitoring. They are specified within the statistical framework of multinomial processing tree models and differ in their assumptions on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information. In the present article, a hierarchical relationship is demonstrated between multinomial models for crossed source information ( Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ), for partial source memory ( Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998 ) and for several sources ( Batchelder, Hu, & Riefer, 1994 ). The hierarchical relationship allows model comparisons and facilitates the specification of identifiability conditions. Conditions for global identifiability are discussed, and model comparisons are illustrated by reanalyses and by a new experiment on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association study of psychiatric and substance use comorbidity in Mexican individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jaime Martínez-Magaña ◽  
Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza ◽  
Jorge Ameth Villatoro Velázquez ◽  
Marycarmen Bustos-Gamiño ◽  
Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Gamma Receptor ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

AbstractThe combination of substance use and psychiatric disorders is one of the most common comorbidities. The objective of this study was to perform a genome-wide association study of this comorbidity (Com), substance use alone (Subs), and psychiatric symptomatology alone (Psych) in the Mexican population. The study included 3914 individuals of Mexican descent. Genotyping was carried out using the PsychArray microarray and genome-wide correlations were calculated. Genome-wide associations were analyzed using multiple logistic models, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were evaluated using multinomial models, and vertical pleiotropy was evaluated by generalized summary-data-based Mendelian randomization. Brain DNA methylation quantitative loci (brain meQTL) were also evaluated in the prefrontal cortex. Genome-wide correlation and vertical pleiotropy were found between all traits. No genome-wide association signals were found, but 64 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) reached nominal associations (p < 5.00e−05). The SNPs associated with each trait were independent, and the individuals with high PRSs had a higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use. In the multinomial models all of the PRSs (Subs-PRS, Com-PRS, and Psych-PRS) were associated with all of the traits. Brain meQTL of the Subs-associated SNPs had an effect on the genes enriched in insulin signaling pathway, and that of the Psych-associated SNPs had an effect on the Fc gamma receptor phagocytosis pathway.

scholarly journals Classification of Recreation Opportunity Spectrum Using Night Lights for Evidence of Humans and POI Data for Social Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7782
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zeng ◽  
Yongde Zhong ◽  
Dali Li ◽  
Jinyang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
Recreation Opportunity Spectrum ◽  
City District ◽  
Night Lights ◽  
Recreational Resources ◽  
Metropolitan Counties ◽  
Land Types

The recreation opportunity spectrum (ROS) has been widely recognized as an effective tool for the inventory and planning of outdoor recreational resources. However, its applications have been primarily focused on forest-dominated settings with few studies being conducted on all land types at a regional scale. The creation of a ROS is based on physical, social, and managerial settings, with the physical setting being measured by three criteria: remoteness, size, and evidence of humans. One challenge to extending the ROS to all land types on a large scale is the difficulty of quantifying the evidence of humans and social settings. Thus, this study, for the first time, developed an innovative approach that used night lights as a proxy for evidence of humans and points of interest (POI) for social settings to generate an automatic ROS for Hunan Province using Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The whole province was classified as primitive (2.51%), semi-primitive non-motorized (21.33%), semi-primitive motorized (38.60%), semi-developed natural (30.99%), developed natural (5.61%), and highly developed (0.96%), which was further divided into three subclasses: large-natural (0.63%), small natural (0.27%), and facilities (0.06%). In order to implement the management and utilization of natural recreational resources in Hunan Province at the county (city, district) level, the province’s 122 counties (cities, districts) were categorized into five levels based on the ROS factor dominance calculated at the county and provincial levels. These five levels include key natural recreational counties (cities, districts), general natural recreational counties (cities, districts), rural counties (cities, districts), general metropolitan counties (cities, districts), and key metropolitan counties (cities, districts), with the corresponding numbers being 8, 21, 50, 24, and 19, respectively.

scholarly journals Patterns of multimorbidity and risk of disability in community-dwelling older persons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Marengoni ◽  
Roselyne Akugizibwe ◽  
Davide L. Vetrano ◽  
Albert Roso-Llorach ◽  
Graziano Onder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
National Study ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Multinomial Models

AbstractThe aim was to analyze the association between specific patterns of multimorbidity and risk of disability in older persons. Data were gathered from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K); 2066 60 + year-old participants living in the community and free from disability at baseline were grouped according to their multimorbidity patterns and followed-up for six years. The association between multimorbidity patterns and disability in basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living was examined through multinomial models. Throughout the follow-up, 434 (21.0%) participants developed at least one ADL and 310 (15.0%) at least one IADL. Compared to the unspecific pattern, which included diseases not exceeding their expected prevalence in the total sample, belonging to the cardiovascular/anemia/dementia, the sensory impairment/cancer and the musculoskeletal/respiratory/gastrointestinal patterns was associated with a higher risk of developing both ADL and IADL, whereas subjects in the metabolic/sleep disorders pattern showed a higher risk of developing only IADL. Multimorbidity patterns are differentially associated with incident disability, which is important for the design of future prevention strategies aimed at delaying functional impairment in old age, and for a better healthcare resource planning.

scholarly journals Personnel Power: Governing State-Owned Enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Wendy Leutert ◽  
Samantha A. Vortherms
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Connectedness

Abstract State-owned enterprises (SOEs) retain a strong presence in many economies around the world. How do governments manage these firms given their dual economic and political nature? Many states use authority over executive appointments as a key means of governing SOEs. We analyze the nature of this “personnel power” by assessing patterns in SOE leaders’ political mobility in China, the country with the largest state-owned sector. Using logit and multinomial models on an original dataset of central SOE leaders’ attributes and company information from 2003 to 2017, we measure the effects of economic performance and political connectedness on leaders’ likelihood of staying in power. We find that leaders of well-performing firms and those with patronage ties to elites in charge of their evaluation are more likely to stay in office. These findings suggest that states can leverage personnel power in pursuit of economic and political stability when SOE management is highly politically integrated.

Convergence across Subnational Regions of Bangladesh – What the Night Lights Data Say?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Abul Basher ◽  
Jobaida Behtarin ◽  
Salim Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Night Lights

scholarly journals FORECASTING URBAN EXPANSION BASED ON NIGHT LIGHTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stathakis
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Expansion Model ◽  
Night Lights

Forecasting urban expansion models are a very powerful tool in the hands of urban planners in order to anticipate and mitigate future urbanization pressures. In this paper, a linear regression forecasting urban expansion model is implemented based on the annual composite night lights time series available from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The product known as 'stable lights' is used in particular, after it has been corrected with a standard intercalibration process to reduce artificial year-to-year fluctuations as much as possible. Forecasting is done for ten years after the end of the time series. Because the method is spatially explicit the predicted expansion trends are relatively accurately mapped. Two metrics are used to validate the process. The first one is the year-to-year Sum of Lights (SoL) variation. The second is the year-to-year image correlation coefficient. Overall it is evident that the method is able to provide an insight on future urbanization pressures in order to be taken into account in planning. The trends are quantified in a clear spatial manner.

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