Income Level and Income Inequality in the Euro‐Mediterranean Region, C. 14–700

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Income Level

Linking urban sprawl and income segregation – Findings from a stylized agent-based model

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-489
Author(s):  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Carsten M Buchmann ◽  
Nina Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Income Segregation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Positive Correlations

Urban sprawl and income segregation are two undesired urban patterns that occur during urban development. Empirical studies show that income level and inequality are positively correlated with urban sprawl and income segregation, respectively. However, the relationship between urban sprawl and income segregation is not only rarely investigated but also shows ambiguous empirical results when it is. Therefore, in this study, we built a stylized agent-based model with individual behaviours based on Alonso’s bid rent theory and ran simulations with different combinations of income level and income inequality. We measured the overall emergent patterns with indicators for urban sprawl and income segregation. The model confirms the established positive correlations between income level and urban sprawl and between income inequality and segregation. Furthermore, the model shows a negative correlation between urban sprawl and income segregation under free market conditions. The model indicates that without any policy implementation, a city will either suffer from urban sprawl or income segregation. Thus, this study serves as a starting point to study the effects of different urban planning policies on these two urban problems.

scholarly journals Poverty in Russian regions in 2000-2017: factors and dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Zubarevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Poverty Indicators ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article considers the level and dynamics of the level of poverty in the regions of Russia for 2000-2017, shows the sustainability of regional differentiation, despite the changes in the distribution of regions by the level of poverty. Regions with different rates of poverty reduction in the period of economic growth and the factors that accelerated this process are allocated. The weak impact of the two recent crises on the dynamics of poverty in the regions with different dynamics of income is revealed. The influence of demographic (child burden) and income factors (income level and income inequality), the cost of living in regions and the level of urbanization on regional poverty indicators is considered. The change of influence of different factors of poverty in the early 2000s and in 2017 is shown. An analysis of changes in the regional picture of poverty in transition from absolute to relative criteria of its measurement is carried out.

scholarly journals Per Capita Income Inequality in Czech Households Before, During and After the Economic and Financial Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-899
Author(s):  
Markéta Hnízdilová ◽  
Václav Adamec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis

The study tackles the issue of distribution inequality in equalized per capita income in households defined by multiple grouping criteria in the Czech Republic before, during and after the economic and financial crisis. The factors were economic status of the household head, number of children, education and the NUTS 3 administrative regions. Interval grouped per capita income data assembled within the EU-SILC framework via quota sampling were received from czso.cz for 2008, 2012 and 2016. Indicators of income level, variation, quantiles, medial and Gini index were calculated for the respective household groups. Income concentration in the Czech Republic is considerably low among OECD states and still decreasing due to government social and economic policy and favourable phase of the economic cycle. The largest income inequality was detected in the self-employed, jobless and qualified employees, households with 3 or more children, single-parent families with dependants, households with one or both tertiary educated parents or households residing in Prague or Středočeský region. The threat of poverty is imminent in the jobless, economically inactive pensioners, unqualified labourers and households with 3 or more children. Geographically, the poverty affects households mostly in Moravskoslezský or Ústecký regions. Government measures evidently helped reduce income inequality, poverty and social exclusion in Ústecký region in 2008. The least affected regions by poverty were Prague and Středočeský region. Significant differences in income level or concentration of income distributions by regional and other household grouping criteria were revealed.

scholarly journals REGIONAL AND ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THE BANKING SYSTEM AND THEIR IMPACTS TOWARD REGIONAL FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-332
Author(s):  
Irma Asyatun
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Accessibility Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Level

Financial inclusion has been widely discussed in the global level. The increasedengagement in discussion of financial inclusion is inseparable from the implementationof policy priorities which are seemingly leaning towards improving financial inclusionto tackle poverty and growing inequality in a country. This article seeks to identifywhether regional variables (income level, educational level, income inequality,population size and banking accessibility) are significant on influencing financialinclusion in Indonesia. This study proxied financial inclusion level by measuring thefinancial inclusion index using the method developed by Sarma in 2012. The researchis conducted for 3 years, between 2012-2015. Employing the panel data estimationmethod, the results indicate that income level, educational level, and bankingaccessibility possess significant impact on financial inclusion in regional Indonesia.Keywords: Financial Inclusion; Financial Inclusion Index; Banking Accessibility.JEL Classifications: G10; G20; G21.

Cherry picking

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 771-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Hiilamo ◽  
Olli Kangas
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Inequality Theory ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Universal Law ◽  
Methodological Debate ◽  
Historical Legacies

Purpose – In their income inequality theory (IIT), Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett posit that income inequality is at the heart of social “ills”. However, their critics argue that the hypothesis is biased and that “cherry picking” is used and support for the IIT is obtained by selecting a suitable sample of countries. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – With a sample of 127 countries, the authors study to what extent the correlation between income inequality and social “ills” varies among countries sampled by geography, religion and income level. Findings – The results of the analysis show that the strength and sometimes the direction of connections between inequality and social “ills” vary according to countries’ cultural background and historical legacies. The IIT is not a universal law. However, it is on a firmer footing than competing explanations. Originality/value – The results contribute both to material and methodological debate on consequences of income inequality.

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