The relative impact of different forces of globalization on wage inequality: A fresh look at the EU experience

This chapter aims to analyze the evolution of Turkish wage structure following the introduction of new labor law in 2003 in the EU accession process. The authors first present a descriptive picture of the changes in wage inequality between 2003 and 2013. They then conduct an econometric analysis of the relative importance of individual, job- and workplace-related factors on wages across the wage distribution to understand what drives this outcome. It is found that wage inequality decreased from 2003 to 2007, and increased during the global economic crisis. Increased returns to college education, skilled white collar jobs as well as returns to construction sector stand out as the major factors increasing wage inequality. Though to a lesser extent, increased returns to blue-collar jobs, formal job status and reduced returns to employment in large firms are factors reducing wage inequality in Turkey in the post-2003 era.

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Probabilistic Heterogeneous Patent Protection and Innovation Incentives

The B E Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy ◽

10.2202/1935-1682.2790 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luca Spinesi

Keyword(s):

Wage Inequality ◽

Patent Protection ◽

Skill Premium ◽

Elasticity Of Substitution ◽

Endogenous Technological Change ◽

Wide Range ◽

Patent Enforcement ◽

Ipr Protection ◽

The Eu ◽

Innovation Incentives

Abstract Using a general equilibrium framework, this paper shows that imperfect and heterogeneous patent protection across industries affects the relative innovation incentives of firms and the skill premium. It is found that tighter patent enforcement in some industries allows a patent enforcement externality effect to emerge, whereby varieties with relatively softer patent protection have relatively stronger innovation incentives. The theoretical mechanisms hold for a wide range of the elasticity of substitution between varieties and also hold in a North-South framework when IPR harmonization is considered. A numerical simulation shows that merging both endogenous technological change and institutional aspects in the form of imperfect and heterogeneous IPR protection can contribute to explaining the different innovation and wage inequality performances of the U.S. and the EU regions.

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Institutions for Wage Determination in the EU and Turkey

Handbook of Research on Social and Economic Development in the European Union - Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1188-6.ch011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 188-203

Author(s):

Gürdal Aslan

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Collective Bargaining ◽

Wage Inequality ◽

Market Performance ◽

Union Density ◽

Wage Determination ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Wage Floor ◽

The Eu

This study provides information on wage floor determining institutions, the statutory minimum wages, and collective bargaining agreements, in the EU countries to examine differences and commonalities of these institutions between the EU countries and Turkey. The interaction between these institutions and the labor market performance of the EU Member States and Turkey is also investigated. Therefore, the minimum wage levels and the collective bargaining coverage with the labor market indicators, namely the wage inequality measured with D1/D9 ratio and the incidence of low-wage workers, are compared. Findings indicate that the wage inequality and the incidence of low-wage workers are relatively lower in the countries with comprehensive collective bargaining systems characterized by high rates of collective bargaining coverage and union density. Turkey is one of the countries with the highest wage inequality compared to the EU countries. Improving the coverage rate of collective bargaining might help to reduce wage inequality.

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