scholarly journals P14‐5: A method of analysis of pulmonary function by movement of the left and right lungs using a three dimensional depth sensor

Respirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (S3) ◽  
pp. 436-436
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Left And Right

The three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated left- and right-handed forms of bacterial flagellar filaments from an identical serotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rotary Motor ◽  
Helical Parameters

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.

Symbol recognition system based on 3D stereo vision

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Linlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Camera Calibration ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Stereo Matching ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Symbol Recognition ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Left And Right

With the continuous development of computer science and technology, symbol recognition systems may be converted from two-dimensional space to three-dimensional space. Therefore, this article mainly introduces the symbol recognition system based on 3D stereo vision. The three-dimensional image is taken by the visual coordinate measuring machine in two places on the left and right. Perform binocular stereo matching on the edge of the feature points of the two images. A corner detection algorithm combining SUSAN and Harris is used to detect the left and right camera calibration templates. The two-dimensional coordinate points of the object are determined by the image stereo matching module, and the three-dimensional discrete coordinate points of the object space can be obtained according to the transformation relationship between the image coordinates and the actual object coordinates. Then draw the three-dimensional model of the object through the three-dimensional drawing software. Experimental data shows that the logic resources and memory resources occupied by image preprocessing account for 30.4% and 27.4% of the entire system, respectively. The results show that the system can calibrate the internal and external parameters of the camera. In this way, the camera calibration result will be more accurate and the range will be wider. At the same time, it can effectively make up for the shortcomings of traditional modeling techniques to ensure the measurement accuracy of the detection system.

scholarly journals Cuttlefish use stereopsis to strike at prey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. eaay6036 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Feord ◽  
M. E. Sumner ◽  
S. Pusdekar ◽  
L. Kalra ◽  
P. T. Gonzalez-Bellido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visual Information Processing ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Cephalopod Species ◽  
Left And Right

The camera-type eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods exhibit remarkable convergence, but it is currently unknown whether the mechanisms for visual information processing in these brains, which exhibit wildly disparate architecture, are also shared. To investigate stereopsis in a cephalopod species, we affixed “anaglyph” glasses to cuttlefish and used a three-dimensional perception paradigm. We show that (i) cuttlefish have also evolved stereopsis (i.e., the ability to extract depth information from the disparity between left and right visual fields); (ii) when stereopsis information is intact, the time and distance covered before striking at a target are shorter; (iii) stereopsis in cuttlefish works differently to vertebrates, as cuttlefish can extract stereopsis cues from anticorrelated stimuli. These findings demonstrate that although there is convergent evolution in depth computation, cuttlefish stereopsis is likely afforded by a different algorithm than in humans, and not just a different implementation.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-related changes of the volume of maxillary sinuses quantified via cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e312101422220
Author(s):  
Lucas Eigi Borges Tanaka ◽  
Ademir Franco ◽  
Rafael Ferreira Abib ◽  
Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães-Junior ◽  
Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Anatomical studies found in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) an optimal resource for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the head and neck. When it comes to the maxillary sinuses, CBCT enables a life-size reliable volumetric analysis. This study aimed to assess the age and sex-related changes of the maxillary sinuses using volumetric CBCT analysis. The sample consisted of CBCT scans of 112 male (n = 57) and female (n = 55) individuals (224 maxillary sinuses) distributed in 5 age categories: 20 |— 30, 31 |— 40, 41 |— 50, 51 |— 60 and > 60 years. Image acquisition was accomplished with the i-CAT Next Generation device set with voxel size of 0.25 mm and field of view that included the maxillary sinuses (retrospective sample collection from an existing database). Image segmentation was performed in itk-SNAP (www.itksnap.org) software. The volume (mm3) of the segmented sinuses was quantified and compared pairwise based on side (left and right), sex (male and female) and age (five groups). Differences between left and right sides volume were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean volume of maxillary sinuses in males was 22% higher than females (p = 0.0001). Volumetric differences were not statistically significant between age categories for males and females (p > 0.05). The discriminant power of sinuses’ volume may support customized and patient-specific treatment planning based on sex.

Disassembling Vision Through Dimensional In-Betweens

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-205
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Institutional Learning ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
The Spectator

This chapter examines films that suspend the spectator between dimensional poles (flat and deep, left and right, up and down, still and moving, animate and inanimate). Denying the spectator dimensional certainty, films by Marie Menken, Pat O’Neill, Ray and Charles Eames, Ernie Gehr, Maya Deren, and Sara Kathryn Arledge emphasize presentation and the contingencies of reception over the continuities and fidelities of representation. The chapter argues that these filmmakers privilege the contingencies of individual vision by creating and occupying a space in-between the perception and the apprehension of an image. Leaving the image’s dimensional status uncertain and unresolved interrupts the usually transparent means of cinematic representation and charts a preference for autonomy and diversity over universalizing or totalizing vision. Pat O’Neill, for example, uses the optical printer to suspend the spectator between two and three-dimensional images simultaneously, performing Wittgenstein’s aspect theory. The contingency of this mode of reception simultaneously borrows from Surrealism’s elevation of an individual’s subconsciousness over reason and Transcendentalism’s interest in the “intuition” of experience over the “tuition” of institutional learning.

A Model of Complexity Levels of Meaning Constitution in Simulation Models of Language Evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Lücking ◽  
Alexander Mehler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Context Dependency ◽  
Abstract Objects ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Linguistic Categories ◽  
Linguistic Categorization

Currently, some simulative accounts exist within dynamic or evolutionary frameworks that are concerned with the development of linguistic categories within a population of language users. Although these studies mostly emphasize that their models are abstract, the paradigm categorization domain is preferably that of colors. In this paper, the authors argue that color adjectives are special predicates in both linguistic and metaphysical terms: semantically, they are intersective predicates, metaphysically, color properties can be empirically reduced onto purely physical properties. The restriction of categorization simulations to the color paradigm systematically leads to ignoring two ubiquitous features of natural language predicates, namely relativity and context-dependency. Therefore, the models for simulation models of linguistic categories are not able to capture the formation of categories like perspective-dependent predicates ‘left’ and ‘right’, subsective predicates like ‘small’ and ‘big’, or predicates that make reference to abstract objects like ‘I prefer this kind of situation’. The authors develop a three-dimensional grid of ascending complexity that is partitioned according to the semiotic triangle. They also develop a conceptual model in the form of a decision grid by means of which the complexity level of simulation models of linguistic categorization can be assessed in linguistic terms.

scholarly journals Trajectory-Based Air-Writing Recognition Using Deep Neural Network and Depth Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahinur Alam ◽  
Ki-Chul Kwon ◽  
Md. Ashraful Alam ◽  
Mohammed Y. Abbass ◽  
Shariar Md Imtiaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Depth Sensor ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Trajectory-based writing system refers to writing a linguistic character or word in free space by moving a finger, marker, or handheld device. It is widely applicable where traditional pen-up and pen-down writing systems are troublesome. Due to the simple writing style, it has a great advantage over the gesture-based system. However, it is a challenging task because of the non-uniform characters and different writing styles. In this research, we developed an air-writing recognition system using three-dimensional (3D) trajectories collected by a depth camera that tracks the fingertip. For better feature selection, the nearest neighbor and root point translation was used to normalize the trajectory. We employed the long short-term memory (LSTM) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) as a recognizer. The model was tested and verified by the self-collected dataset. To evaluate the robustness of our model, we also employed the 6D motion gesture (6DMG) alphanumeric character dataset and achieved 99.32% accuracy which is the highest to date. Hence, it verifies that the proposed model is invariant for digits and characters. Moreover, we publish a dataset containing 21,000 digits; which solves the lack of dataset in the current research.

scholarly journals Correlation between diaphragmatic sagittal rotation and pulmonary dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis accompanied by kyphosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1877-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Bing Wu ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Kai Song ◽  
Xiangyu Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy ◽  
Pulmonary Dysfunction

Objective This study was performed to investigate the correlation between pulmonary dysfunction patterns and diaphragmatic sagittal rotation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis accompanied by kyphosis. Methods Thirty patients (27 male, 3 female) with kyphotic deformity secondary to ankylosing spondylitis underwent pedicle subtraction osteotomy and were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had undergone preoperative computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstruction, full-length spine radiographs, and pulmonary function tests. The diaphragmatic angle in the median sagittal plane (DA), pulmonary function test results, and radiological parameters were studied. Results Correlation coefficients were used to present the correlation between the DA and pulmonary function and the global kyphosis (GK), respectively. The data analysis presented positive correlations between the DA value and vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). There was likewise a negative correlation between DA value and the global kyphosis (GK). Additionally, there were further significantly statistical improvements for DA, ERV, IRV, FVC, and VC, PEF, postoperatively. Conclusions Except for the restriction of the chest wall motion and the abnormalities of lung parenchyma, the diaphragmatic sagittal rotation is also an influencing factor of pulmonary dysfunction in patients with ankylosing spondylitis accompanied by kyphosis.

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