Why regulators assess risk differently: Regulatory style, business organization, and the varied practice of risk‐based food safety inspections across the EU

Food business operators’ opinions on disclosed food safety inspections and occurrence of disagreements with inspector grading

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 248-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jenni Kaskela ◽

Annukka Vainio ◽

Sari Ollila ◽

Janne Lundén

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Safety Inspections

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Food safety inspections results: A comparison of ethnic-operated restaurants to non-ethnic-operated restaurants

International Journal of Hospitality Management ◽

10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.02.004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 190-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kimberly J. Harris ◽

Kevin S. Murphy ◽

Robin B. DiPietro ◽

Gretchen L. Rivera

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Safety Inspections

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Effective Governance Designs of Food Safety Regulation in the EU

10.1007/978-3-030-82793-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Bazzan

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Safety Regulation ◽

Effective Governance ◽

The Eu ◽

Food Safety Regulation

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Shrimp Export from Benin vs Food Safety in Europe: Reconcilable Interests?

European Journal of Risk Regulation ◽

10.1017/s1867299x00003597 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 187-200

Author(s):

Kévine Kindji ◽

Michael Faure

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Market Share ◽

Control Policy ◽

Legal Order ◽

Eu Policy ◽

Shrimp Industry ◽

Fishery Products ◽

The Eu

In order to secure their fishery products market share in the EU, third countries, especially the developing ones, tend to transplant EU requirements into their domestic legal order. In reality, theses transplanted laws do not correspond to measures to reach a level of protection needed by the country of destination. Based upon the case of Benin, this paper intends to show that when these legal transplants are adversely made, they can in some cases have disastrous effects. It can be argued that an unintended result of EU policy was that it contributed to the collapse of the shrimp industry in Benin. The paper moreover argues that despite the stringency of the EU requirements, the implementation of its control policy might inadequately protect European consumers of shrimp.

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Food Safety Governance and Guardianship: The Role of the Private Sector in Addressing the EU Ethylene Oxide Incident

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods11020204 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Aleksandra Kowalska ◽

Louise Manning

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Ethylene Oxide ◽

Collaborative Governance ◽

Vital Role ◽

Animal Origin ◽

The European Union ◽

Sesame Seeds ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Food And Feed ◽

The Eu

Sesame seeds within the European Union (EU) are classified as foods not of animal origin. Two food safety issues associated with sesame seeds have emerged in recent years, i.e., Salmonella contamination and the presence of ethylene oxide. Fumigation with ethylene oxide to reduce Salmonella in seeds and spices is not approved in the EU, so its presence in sesame seeds from India was a sentinel incident sparking multiple trans-European product recalls between 2020–2021. Following an interpretivist approach, this study utilises academic and grey sources including data from the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database to inform a critical appraisal of current EU foods not of animal origin legislation and associated governance structures and surveillance programs. This is of particular importance as consumers are encouraged towards plant-based diets. This study shows the importance of collaborative governance utilizing data from company testing and audits as well as official regulatory controls to define the depth and breadth of a given incident in Europe. The development of reflexive governance supported by the newest technology (e.g., blockchain) might be of value in public–private models of food safety governance. This study contributes to the literature on the adoption of risk-based food safety regulation and the associated hybrid public–private models of food safety governance where both regulators and private organizations play a vital role in assuring public health.

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National Food Safety Systems in the European Union: A Comparative Survey

International Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.7455/ijfs.v2i1.136 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Hadjigeorgiou ◽

Elpidoforos S. Soteriades ◽

Anastasios Philalithis ◽

Anna Psaroulaki ◽

Yiannis Tselentis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

European Union ◽

Food Safety ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Comparative Survey ◽

Safety Systems ◽

Central Level ◽

The Eu

This paper is a comparative survey of the National Food Safety Systems (NFSS) of the European Union (EU) Member-States (MS) and the Central EU level. The main organizational structures of the NFSS, their legal frameworks, their responsibilities, their experiences, and challenges relating to food safety are discussed. Growing concerns about food safety have led the EU itself, its MS and non-EU countries, which are EU trade-partners, to review and modify their food safety systems. Our study suggests that the EU and 22 out of 27 Member States (MS) have reorganized their NFSS by establishing a single food safety authority or a similar organization on the national or central level. In addition, the study analyzes different approaches towards the establishment of such agencies. Areas where marked differences in approaches were seen included the division of responsibilities for risk assessment (RA), risk management (RM), and risk communication (RC). We found that in 12 Member States, all three areas of activity (RA, RM, and RC) are kept together, whereas in 10 Member States, risk management is functionally or institutionally separate from risk assessment and risk communication. No single ideal model for others to follow for the organization of a food safety authority was observed; however, revised NFSS, either in EU member states or at the EU central level, may be more effective from the previous arrangements, because they provide central supervision, give priority to food control programs, and maintain comprehensive risk analysis as part of their activities.

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Balancing Competence and Control

The Governor's Dilemma ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198855057.003.0009 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 180-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felix Biermann ◽

Berthold Rittberger

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Case Studies ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Focal Point ◽

Aviation Safety ◽

Regulatory Agencies ◽

Member States ◽

European Regulatory ◽

And Control ◽

The Eu

In recent decades the EU has witnessed a remarkable rise in the number of specialized regulatory agencies and European regulatory networks (ERNs). It is often assumed that agencies and ERNs are mutually exclusive instruments of indirect governance. As this chapter argues, however, they are often used in combination to better address competence–control tradeoffs. The chapter illustrates this argument with two case studies of regulatory policymaking in the EU. First, in the case of aviation safety, the EU and its member states created a new agency, the European Aviation Safety Agency, to overcome a control deficit which had hampered its ability to rein in existing regulatory networks. Second, in the field of food safety, the EU as collective governor sought to overcome the competence deficit of its intermediary, the European Food Safety Agency, by enlisting a second intermediary: the “Focal Point Network” (an ERN).

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