Experimentalism in transnational forest governance: Implementing European Union Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) Voluntary Partnership Agreements in Indonesia and Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Overdevest ◽  
Jonathan Zeitlin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forest Governance ◽  
Forest Law

scholarly journals L’impact des normes de la Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale : étude à partir du cas du Cameroun

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-324
Author(s):  
Denis Roger Soh Fogno
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Forest Law

En privilégiant la signature des Accords de Partenariat Volontaires (APV) individuels avec la plupart des pays producteurs de bois de l’Afrique centrale, l’Union européenne et les pays signataires affichent leur volonté de lancer une croisade contre l’exploitation illégale du bois et assurent, de manière à peine déguisée, la mainmise de l’Union sur le bois exploité dans ces pays. L’application effective de ces APV est récente, certes. Toutefois, jusqu’ici, leur impact sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale en général et sur celles du Cameroun en particulier reste mitigé au regard de la quantité de bois illégalement exploité qui continue d’y circuler. Cette persistance de l’exploitation illégale du bois peut se justifier par la présence pernicieuse de la pauvreté dans la plupart des pays producteurs de bois de l’Afrique centrale, laquelle est parfois maladroitement avancée pour justifier la corruption endémique dans ces États. Le bois ainsi illégalement exploité ne profite guère aux couches vulnérables de la population, mais engraisse une poignée de fonctionnaires aigrefins, situés parfois jusqu’au sommet de l’administration civile et policière. Alors, si l’impact des normes de la Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) sur la protection des forêts de l’Afrique centrale est perceptible du fait de leur application mitigée, cet impact reste perfectible par l’élargissement du champ matériel et territorial d’application de ces normes, la lutte contre la pauvreté et la corruption, etc.

scholarly journals CORRUPTION, CAPITAL ABUNDANCE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Mile Bošnjak ◽  
Sanja Franc
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to establish and clarify the relationship between corruption level and development among European Union countries. Out of the estimated model in this paper one can conclude that the level of corruption can explain capital abundance differences among European Union countries. Also, explanatory power of corruption is higher in explaining economic development than in explaining capital abundance, meaning stronger relationship between corruption level and economic development than between corruption level and capital abundance. There is no doubt that reducing corruption would be beneficial for all countries. Since corruption is a wrongdoing, the rule of law enforcement is of utmost importance. However, root causes of corruption, namely the institutional and social environment: recruiting civil servants on a merit basis, salaries in public sector competitive to the ones in private sector, the role of international institutions in the fight against corruption, and some other corruption characteristics are very important to analyze in order to find effective ways to fight corruption. Further research should go into this direction.

scholarly journals Facial recognition in police hands: Assessing the ‘Clearview case’ from a European perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Isadora Neroni Rezende
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies

Since 2019, over 600 law enforcement agencies across the United States have started using a groundbreaking facial recognition app designed by Clearview AI, a tech start-up which now plans to market its technology also in Europe. While the Clearview app is an expression of the wider phenomenon of the repurposing of privately held data in the law enforcement context, its use in criminal proceedings is likely to encroach on individuals’ rights in unprecedented ways. Indeed, the Clearview app goes far beyond traditional facial recognition tools. If these have been historically limited to matching government-stored images, Clearview now combines its technology with a database of over three billion images published on the Internet. Against this background, this article will review the use of this new investigative tool in light of the European Union (EU) legal framework on privacy and data protection. The proposed assessment will proceed as follows. Firstly, it will briefly assess the lawfulness of Clearview AI’s data scraping practices under the General Data Protection Regulation. Secondly, it will discuss the transfer of scraped data from the company to EU law enforcement agencies under the regime of the Directive 2016/680/EU (the Directive). Finally, it will analyse the compliance of the Clearview app with art 10 of the Police Directive, which lays down the criteria for lawful processing of biometric data. More specifically, this last analysis will focus on the strict necessity test, as defined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. Following this assessment, it will be argued that the Clearview app’s use in criminal proceedings is highly problematic in light of the EU legislation on privacy and data protection.

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