Latitude of seed source impacts flowering phenology and fitness in translocated plant populations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi S. Rushing ◽  
Shelby A. Flint ◽  
Ruth G. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Plant Populations

Growth, flowering, and survival of firewheel (Gaillardia pulchellaFoug.) based on seed source and growing location

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen E Hammond ◽  
Jeffrey G Norcini ◽  
Sandra B Wilson ◽  
Richard K Schoellhorn ◽  
Deborah L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Source

Variability in Soybean Progenies Developed by Single Seed Descent at Two Plant Populations 1

Crop Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Martin ◽  
J. R. Wilcox ◽  
F. A. Laviolette
Keyword(s):  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Single Seed

scholarly journals Selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as an alternative reproductive isolation among five Arisaema species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya K Matsumoto ◽  
Muneto Hirobe ◽  
Masahiro Sueyoshi ◽  
Yuko Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
Floral Visitor ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Experimental Plots

Abstract Background and Aims Interspecific difference in pollinators (pollinator isolation) is important for reproductive isolation in flowering plants. Species-specific pollination by fungus gnats has been discovered in several plant taxa, suggesting that they can contribute to reproductive isolation. Nevertheless, their contribution has not been studied in detail, partly because they are too small for field observations during flower visitation. To quantify their flower visitation, we used the genus Arisaema (Araceae) because the pitcher-like spathe of Arisaema can trap all floral visitors. Methods We evaluated floral visitor assemblage in an altitudinal gradient including five Arisaema species. We also examined interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution (geographic isolation) and flowering phenology (phenological isolation). To exclude the effect of interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution on floral visitor assemblage, we established 10 experimental plots including the five Arisaema species on high- and low-altitude areas and collected floral visitors. We also collected floral visitors in three additional sites. Finally, we estimated the strength and contribution of these three reproductive barriers using the unified formula for reproductive isolation. Key Results Each Arisaema species selectively attracted different fungus gnats in the altitudinal gradient, experimental plots, and additional sites. Altitudinal distribution and flowering phenology differed among the five Arisaema species, whereas the strength of geographic and phenological isolations were distinctly weaker than those in pollinator isolation. Nevertheless, the absolute contribution of pollinator isolation to total reproductive isolation was weaker than geographic and phenological isolations, because pollinator isolation functions after the two early-acting barriers in plant life history. Conclusions Our results suggest that selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially contributes to reproductive isolation. Since geographic and phenological isolations can be disrupted by habitat disturbance and interannual climate change, the strong and stable pollinator isolation might compensate for the weakened early-acting barriers as an alternative reproductive isolation among the five Arisaema species.

scholarly journals The Characteristics and Geographical Features of Plant Populations in the Forest Region of Wanda Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 687 (1) ◽  
pp. 012200
Author(s):  
Jialin Li ◽  
Jiao Yang ◽  
XueWei Sun ◽  
Jincheng Luo ◽  
Hongbin Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Populations ◽  
Forest Region

scholarly journals Ex Situ Conservation of Large and Small Plant Populations Illustrates Limitations of Common Conservation Metrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Falon Cartwright ◽  
Michael Dosmann ◽  
Jeremie Fant ◽  
Ethan Freid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Small Plant

scholarly journals Flowering Phenology Adjustment and Flower Longevity in a South American Alpine Species

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Mary T. K. Arroyo ◽  
Ítalo Tamburrino ◽  
Patricio Pliscoff ◽  
Valeria Robles ◽  
Maria Colldecarrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Flower Longevity ◽  
Passive Warming ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Flowering Onset

Delayed flowering due to later snowmelt and colder temperatures at higher elevations in the alpine are expected to lead to flowering phenological adjustment to prevent decoupling of peak flowering from the warmest time of the year, thereby favoring pollination. However, even if flowering is brought forward in the season at higher elevations, an elevational temperature gap is likely to remain between the high- and low-elevation populations of a species at the time these reach peak flowering on account of the atmospheric reduction in temperature with increasing elevation. The negative effect of this temperature gap on pollination could be compensated by plastically-prolonged flower life spans at higher elevations, increasing the probability of pollination. In a tightly temperature-controlled study, the flowering phenology adjustment and flower longevity compensation hypotheses were investigated in an alpine species in the Andes of central Chile. The snow free period varied from 7 to 8.2 months over 810 m elevation. Temperatures were suitable for growth on 82–98% of the snow free days. Flowering onset was temporally displaced at the rate of 4.6 d per 100 m increase in elevation and flowering was more synchronous at higher elevations. Flowering phenology was adjusted over elevation. The latter was manifest in thermal sums tending to decrease with elevation for population flowering onset, 50% flowering, and peak flowering when the lower thermal limit for growth (TBASE) was held constant over elevation. For TBASE graded over elevation so as to reflect the growing season temperature decline, thermal sums did not vary with elevation, opening the door to a possible elevational decline in the thermal temperature threshold for growth. Potential flower longevity was reduced by passive warming and was more prolonged in natural populations when temperatures were lower, indicating a plastic trait. Pollination rates, as evaluated with the Relative Pollination Rate index (RPR), when weighted for differences in floral abundance over the flowering season, declined with elevation as did fruit set. Contrary to expectation, the life-spans of flowers at higher elevations were not more prolonged and failed to compensate for the elevational decrease in pollination rates. Although strong evidence for phenological adjustment was forthcoming, flower longevity compensation did not occur over Oxalis squamata’s elevational range. Thus, flower longevity compensation is not applicable in all alpine species. Comparison with work conducted several decades ago on the same species in the same area provides valuable clues regarding the effects of climate change on flowering phenology and fitness in the central Chilean alpine where temperatures have been increasing and winter snow accumulation has been declining.

scholarly journals Citizen Science Contributions to Address Biodiversity Loss and Conservation Planning in a Rapidly Developing Region

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Diana L. Soteropoulos ◽  
Caitlin R. De Bellis ◽  
Theo Witsell
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Northwest Arkansas

Biodiversity data support conservation research and inform conservation decisions addressing the wicked problem of biodiversity loss. However, these data often need processing and compilation before use, which exceed the time availability of professional scientists. Nevertheless, scientists can recruit, train, and support a network of citizen scientists to prepare these data using online platforms. Here, we describe three citizen science projects sponsored by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission to transcribe and georeference historic herbarium specimens and document current biodiversity through iNaturalist for two highly biodiverse and rapidly developing counties in Northwest Arkansas, USA. Citizen science-generated data will be used in a county natural heritage inventory (CNHI) report, including a comprehensive list of taxa tied to voucher specimens and records for rare plant populations. Since the CNHI project started in 2018, citizen scientists have transcribed 8,855 and georeferenced 2,636 specimen records. From iNaturalist observations, 125 rare plant populations of 39 taxa have been documented. This CNHI report will determine the most critical taxa, habitats, and sites for conservation action in the region and will inform conservation stakeholders at the local, state, and federal levels as they engage in land acquisition, ecological restoration, natural resource management, planning of growth and development, and environmental review/regulation.

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