Are novel ecosystems the only novelty of rewilding?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318-1320
Author(s):  
Kaya Klop‐Toker ◽  
Simon Clulow ◽  
Craig Shuttleworth ◽  
Matt W. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Novel Ecosystems

Novel ecosystems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Ecological Communities ◽  
Hard Time

This chapter relates the story of the development of recent ideas relating to ecosystems that are greatly modified by environmental and biological changes. Originally such ecosystems were given attention simply because they were an understudied set of systems that could teach us about how ecological communities assemble and reassemble. However, as the widespread prevalence of such “novel ecosystems” became obvious, some data suggested they could deliver important ecosystem functions. This led to a debate regarding the values, management, and restoration of altered ecosystems. The original papers had a hard time in the review process, and debate has, at times, been rancorous. However, many practitioners and ecologists now find the concept of novel ecosystems useful, and the possibility of their conservation value worth investigating.

scholarly journals Contested novel ecosystems: Socio-ecological processes and evidence from Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. 100658
Author(s):  
Giovanni Trentanovi ◽  
Andrea Zinzani ◽  
Roberta Bartoletti ◽  
Federico Montanari
Keyword(s):  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Ecological Processes

scholarly journals Assessing the ability of novel ecosystems to support animal wildlife through analysis of diurnal raptor territoriality

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0205799
Author(s):  
Sara Martínez-Hesterkamp ◽  
Salvador Rebollo ◽  
Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho ◽  
Gonzalo García-Salgado ◽  
José Manuel Fernández-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Novel Ecosystems

scholarly journals The contribution of the Canary Island date palm (Phoenix canariensis) to the winter diet of frugivores in novel ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk HR Spennemann
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Canary Island ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Phoenix Canariensis ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Native Foods

Abstract With the increasing expansion in urban areas, many species have adapted to utilising horticulturally used plants as alternate or augmentary food sources, in particular, during winter – when native foods are largely absent. Ornamental palms, particularly Canary Island Date Palms, fruit continuously during most of the year and thus provide a stable food supply. Based on observational, metric and bio-chemical data, this paper examines the role Canary Island Date Palms can and do play in the nutrition of frugivorous animals, in particular, for birds. It demonstrates that with its nearly year-round provisioning of drupes, the palm plays a major role as a ‘staple’ and backup food source for several species.

scholarly journals Novel Urban Ecosystems: Opportunities from and to Landscape Architecture

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Catarina Patoilo Teixeira ◽  
Cláudia Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Jack Ahern
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Social Components

Novel assemblages of biotic, abiotic, and social components resulting from human-induced actions (e.g., climate change, land-use change, species movement) have been labeled as “Novel Ecosystems”, or “Novel Urban Ecosystems” when emerging in urban contexts. This concept has been shifting perspectives among some scientists and making them question traditional values about human-nature interactions in a rapidly changing era dominated by anthropogenic actions (Anthropocene). Controversial dimensions surrounding the Novel Ecosystems and Novel Urban Ecosystems terms may be preventing the evolution and further research of these concepts. The environmental problems that our society will soon face support a search for innovative solutions and transdisciplinary efforts. For that reason, this discussion should not cease, rather should expand to other fields of knowledge that can contribute with pertinent insights and collaborations. This way, this short communication aims to reflect on the opportunities from Landscape Architecture to the discussion, research, and application of the novel ecosystems concepts in the real world, particularly in the urban landscape, and also reflect on the opportunities of this debate to the Landscape Architecture field. Ultimately, Landscape Architecture can contribute with innovative and creative perspectives, acceding valuable and advanced tools, facilitating dialogues between fields of knowledge, and bridging gaps between science, people, and nature.

scholarly journals Roots, Tissues, Cells and Fragments—How to Characterize Peat from Drained and Rewetted Fens

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Michaelis ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
John Couwenberg
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Novel Ecosystems ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Carex Rostrata ◽  
Type C

We present analyses of macroscopic and microscopic remains as a tool to characterise sedge fen peats. We use it to describe peat composition and stages of peat decomposition, to assess the success of rewetting of a formerly drained fen, and to understand the workings of these novel ecosystems. We studied two percolation fen sites, one drained and one drained and rewetted 20 years ago. Years of deep drainage have resulted in a layer of strongly decomposed peat which lacks recognizable macro-remains. We could associate micro-remains with macro-remains, and thus still characterise the peat and the plants that once formed it. We show that the strongly decomposed peat is of the same origin as the slightly decomposed peat below, and that is was ploughed. We present descriptions of eight types of the main constituent of sedge peat: plant roots, including Carex rostrata type, C. lasiocarpa/rostrata type, C. limosa type, C. acutiformis type, C. echinata type, Phragmites australis type, Cladium type, Equisetum type. We describe three new non-pollen palynomorph types (microscopic remains) and five new subtypes. The rewetted fen provides insights into plant succession after rewetting and the formation of peat that predominantly consists of roots. Results indicate that leaf sheaths may be a consistent component of the peat.

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