Availability and function of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi during revegetation of dewatered reservoirs left after dam removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Cortese ◽  
Rebecca A. Bunn
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dam Removal ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Cocolonizing on a Single Plant Root System Recruit Distinct Microbiomes

mSystems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. e00929-20
Author(s):  
Jiachao Zhou ◽  
Xiaofen Chai ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Timothy S. George ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Single Root ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTPlant roots are usually colonized by various arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species, which vary in morphological, physiological, and genetic traits. This colonization constitutes the mycorrhizal nutrient uptake pathway (MP) and supplements the pathway through roots. Simultaneously, the extraradical hyphae of each AM fungus is associated with a community of bacteria. However, whether the community structure and function of the microbiome on the extraradical hyphae differ between AM fungal species remains unknown. In order to understand the community structure and the predicted functions of the microbiome associated with different AM fungal species, a split-root compartmented rhizobox cultivation system, which allowed us to inoculate two AM fungal species separately in two root compartments, was used. We inoculated two separate AM fungal species combinations, (i) Funneliformis mosseae and Gigaspora margarita and (ii) Rhizophagus intraradices and G. margarita, on a single root system of cotton. The hyphal exudate-fed, active microbiome was measured by combining 13C-DNA stable isotope probing with MiSeq sequencing. We found that different AM fungal species, which were simultaneously colonizing a single root system, hosted active microbiomes that were distinct from one another. Moreover, the predicted potential functions of the different microbiomes were distinct. We conclude that the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal component of the system is responsible for the recruitment of distinct microbiomes in the hyphosphere. The potential significance of the predicted functions of the microbial ecosystem services is discussed.IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form tight symbiotic relationships with the majority of terrestrial plants and play critical roles in plant P acquisition, adding a further dimension of complexity. The plant-AM fungus-bacterium system is considered a continuum, with the bacteria colonizing not only the plant roots, but also the associated mycorrhizal hyphal network, known as the hyphosphere microbiome. Plant roots are usually colonized by different AM fungal species which form an independent phosphorus uptake pathway from the root pathway, i.e., the mycorrhizal pathway. The community structure and function of the hyphosphere microbiome of different AM species are completely unknown. In this novel study, we found that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi cocolonizing on single plant roots recruit their own specific microbiomes, which should be considered in evaluating plant microbiome form and function. Our findings demonstrate the importance of understanding trophic interactions in order to gain insight into the plant-AM fungus-bacterium symbiosis.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi – Their Life and Function in Ecosystem

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Piliarová ◽  
Katarína Ondreičková ◽  
Martina Hudcovicová ◽  
Daniel Mihálik ◽  
Ján Kraic
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Plant Root System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Plant Root Systems

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi living in the soil closely collaborate with plants in their root zone and play very important role in their evolution. Their symbiosis stimulates plant growth and resistance to different environmental stresses. Plant root system, extended by mycelium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, has better capability to reach the water and dissolved nutrients from a much larger volume of soil. This could solve the problem of imminent depletion of phosphate stock, affect plant fertilisation, and contribute to sustainable production of foods, feeds, biofuel, and raw materials. Expanded plant root systems reduce erosion of soil, improve soil quality, and extend the diversity of soil microflora. On the other hand, symbiosis with plants affects species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and increased plant diversity supports diversity of fungi. This review summarizes the importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to beneficial potential of their symbiosis with plants, and their function in the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Elemental and isotopic perspectives on the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi on mineral weathering across imposed geologic gradients

2016 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Remiszewski ◽  
J.G. Bryce ◽  
M.F. Fahnestock ◽  
E.A. Pettitt ◽  
J. Blichert-Toft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
The Impact

Casuarina in Africa: Distribution, role and importance of arbuscular mycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal fungi and Frankia on plant development

2013 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Diagne ◽  
Diegane Diouf ◽  
Sergio Svistoonoff ◽  
Aboubacry Kane ◽  
Kandioura Noba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal

scholarly journals Strigolactones in the Rhizosphere: Friend or Foe?

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien De Cuyper ◽  
Sofie Goormachtig
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Endogenous Plant Hormones ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Host Detection ◽  
And Function

Strigolactones are well-known endogenous plant hormones that play a major role in planta by influencing different physiological processes. Moreover, ex planta, strigolactones are important signaling molecules in root exudates and function as host detection cues to launch mutualistic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere. However, parasitic plants belonging to the Orobanchaceae family hijacked this communication system to stimulate their seed germination when in close proximity to the roots of a suitable host. As a result, the secretion of strigolactones by the plant can have both favorable and detrimental outcomes. Here, we discuss these dual positive and negative effects of strigolactones and we provide a detailed overview on the role of these molecules in the complex dialogs between plants and different organisms in the rhizosphere.

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