scholarly journals Thermal features, ambient temperature, and hair coat lengths: limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares over the year

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maśko ◽  
Olga Witkowska‐Piłaszewicz ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński ◽  
Małgorzata Domino
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Hair Coat ◽  
Thermal Features

Drift Compensation of Infrared Imaging System Using Ambient Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004002
Author(s):  
余毅 Yu Yi ◽  
王旻 Wang Min ◽  
常松涛 Chang Songtao ◽  
姜会林 Jiang Huilin
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Infrared Imaging System ◽  
Drift Compensation

scholarly journals EDITORIAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 02
Author(s):  
J. V.C. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Radiation Emission ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
The Individual

The editorial of Engenharia Térmica of this issue continues the discussion on scientific research needs in vital areas in which thermal engineering has important participation. The main goal is to motivate the readers, within their specialties, to identify possible subjects for their future research. With the development of modern high resolution infrared cameras, the utilization of thermal imaging exams has gained new appeal in medical practice, although the method has been applied for the first time more than 60 years ago. The technique is noninvasive, there is no ionizing radiation emission, low cost, fast in image capturing and of easy application. However, there are some aspects such as method imprecision due to the individual metabolism and surrounding ambient temperature that interfere in precise results, making the method subjective. In Engineering it is a well established field, mainly for the detection of heat leaks in boilers, hot fluid pipes, and other equipment, in which high temperatures are observed, thus with high temperature gradients with respect to the ambient, that are much above measurements uncertainties, what allows for well conclusive analyses. On the other hand, surface temperatures on human skin are close to the ambient temperature, therefore the observed temperature gradients are small, what makes the analyses less conclusive. In sum, there is need for the development of structured methodologies for adequate selection of human body surface temperatures that are related to diverse diseases. Expected normality ranges could be established based on infrared imaging temperature measurements of volunteers without complaints. It is expected that measurements in patients previously diagnosed with traditional techniques (e.g., biopsy) fall out of such ranges. The main objective would be to concretely demonstrate that infrared imaging has potential for utilization as a noninvasive screening exam for people with complaints, what would indicate whether or not the individual should be submitted to a more complex exam. The mission of Engenharia Térmica is to document the scientific progress in areas related to thermal engineering (e.g., energy, oil and renewable fuels). We are confident that we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that contribute to the progress of science.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory costs in molting Antarctic Weddell seals: impacts of physiological and environmental conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Skyla M Walcott ◽  
Amy L Kirkham ◽  
Jennifer M Burns
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Imaging Results

Abstract For polar marine mammals, the energetic cost of thermoregulation depends on ambient conditions in the highly variable surrounding environment. Heat conservation strategies used by pinnipeds to reduce total heat loss include small surface area to volume ratios, the ability to limit perfusion and thick subcutaneous blubber layers. There are limits to how cool the skin surface may remain without compromising function, especially during the annual pelage molt, when hair and skin are replaced. To determine if actively molting seals incur higher thermoregulatory costs, surface temperature (ST) and heat flux (HF) were measured in 93 adult female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) both prior to and during the active molting period using direct sensors and infrared imaging. Linear mixed-effect models revealed that ST increased significantly with increased ambient temperature and decreased wind speed (contributing 44.6 and 41.7% of the attributed variance, respectively). Seal STs were not impacted by molt status, but were maintained at 11.2 ± 0.3°C warmer than the ambient temperature. Infrared imaging results averaged 15.1 ± 1.4°C warmer than direct ST measurements. In contrast, HF was significantly higher in seals in early molting stages compared to the pre-molt season ( P < 0.001) and molt status accounted for 66.5% of the variance in HF. Thermoregulatory costs calculated from estimated basal metabolic rate and measured HF were more than double for molting seals as compared to those in pre-molt. This suggests that perfusion is increased during molt to support follicle development, despite the increased energetic costs associated with higher HF rates. Because ST, HF and thermoregulatory costs are strongly influenced by ambient conditions, molt timing is likely under selective pressure to occur during the warmest period of the year. Shifts in environmental conditions that delay molt phenology or increase HF rates could negatively impact seal populations by further increasing thermoregulatory costs.

Internal Stray Radiation Measurement for Cooled Infrared Imaging Systems Using Ambient Temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 0712002
Author(s):  
田棋杰 Tian Qijie ◽  
常松涛 Chang Songtao ◽  
何锋赟 He Fengyun ◽  
乔彦峰 Qiao Yanfeng
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Radiation Measurement ◽  
Stray Radiation

SEM of non-coated hepatocellular cytoskeleton of perfused livers

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
S.W. French ◽  
N.C. Benson ◽  
C. Davis-Scibienski
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Metal Deposition ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Detergent Extraction ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Excised Tissue

Previous SEM studies of liver cytoskeletal elements have encountered technical difficulties such as variable metal coating and heat damage which occurs during metal deposition. The majority of studies involving evaluation of the cell cytoskeleton have been limited to cells which could be isolated, maintained in culture as a monolayer and thus easily extracted. Detergent extraction of excised tissue by immersion has often been unsatisfactory beyond the depth of several cells. These disadvantages have been avoided in the present study. Whole C3H mouse livers were perfused in situ with 0.5% Triton X-100 in a modified Jahn's buffer including protease inhibitors. Perfusion was continued for 1 to 2 hours at ambient temperature. The liver was then perfused with a 2% buffered gluteraldehyde solution. Liver samples including spontaneous tumors were then maintained in buffered gluteraldehyde for 2 hours. Samples were processed for SEM and TEM using the modified thicarbohydrazide procedure of Malich and Wilson, cryofractured, and critical point dried (CPD). Some samples were mechanically fractured after CPD.

Formation of Dislocation Channels in Neutron Irradiated Molybdenum

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Channel Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum

The evolution of dislocation channels in irradiated metals during deformation can be envisaged to occur in three stages: (i) formation of embryonic cluster free regions, (ii) growth of these regions into microscopically observable channels and (iii) termination of their growth due to the accumulation of dislocation damage. The first two stages are particularly intriguing, and we have attempted to follow the early stages of channel formation in polycrystalline molybdenum, irradiated to 5×1019 n. cm−2 (E > 1 Mev) at the reactor ambient temperature (∼ 60°C), using transmission electron microscopy. The irradiated samples were strained, at room temperature, up to the macroscopic yield point.Figure 1 illustrates the early stages of channel formation. The observations suggest that the cluster free regions, such as A, B and C, form in isolated packets, which could subsequently link-up to evolve a channel.

Crystallographic Characterization of Dislocation Loops in Irradiated Tungsten

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Robert C. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Polycrystalline Specimen ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Neutron Fluences

Previous work has shown that post-irradiation annealing, at temperatures near 1100°C, produces resolvable dislocation loops in tungsten irradiated to fast (E > 1 MeV) neutron fluences of about 4 x 1019 n/cm2 or greater. To crystallographically characterize these loops, tilting experiments were carried out in the electron microscope on a polycrystalline specimen which had been irradiated to 1.5 × 1021 n/cm2 at reactor ambient temperature (∼ 70°C), and subseouently annealed for 315 hours at 1100°C. This treatment produced large loops averaging 1000 Å in diameter, as shown in the micrographs of Fig. 1. The orientation of this grain was near (001), and tilting was carried out about axes near [100], [10] and [110].

Voids in Quenched Nickel

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
J. J. Laidler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
Quenching Temperature ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Diffusion Pump

The presence of three-dimensional voids in quenched metals has long been suspected, and voids have indeed been observed directly in a number of metals. These include aluminum, platinum, and copper, silver and gold. Attempts at the production of observable quenched-in defects in nickel have been generally unsuccessful, so the present work was initiated in order to establish the conditions under which such defects may be formed.Electron beam zone-melted polycrystalline nickel foils, 99.997% pure, were quenched from 1420°C in an evacuated chamber into a bath containing a silicone diffusion pump fluid . The pressure in the chamber at the quenching temperature was less than 10-5 Torr . With an oil quench such as this, the cooling rate is approximately 5,000°C/second above 400°C; below 400°C, the cooling curve has a long tail. Therefore, the quenched specimens are aged in place for several seconds at a temperature which continuously approaches the ambient temperature of the system.

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