Compilation of antiviral treatments and strategies to fight fish viruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pereiro ◽  
Antonio Figueras ◽  
Beatriz Novoa
Keyword(s):  
Fish Viruses

scholarly journals A Novel Rubi-Like Virus in the Pacific Electric Ray (Tetronarce californica) Reveals the Complex Evolutionary History of the Matonaviridae

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Grimwood ◽  
Edward C. Holmes ◽  
Jemma L. Geoghegan
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Virus Species ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fish Viruses

Rubella virus (RuV) is the causative agent of rubella (“German measles”) and remains a global health concern. Until recently, RuV was the only known member of the genus Rubivirus and the only virus species classified within the Matonaviridae family of positive-sense RNA viruses. Recently, two new rubella-like matonaviruses, Rustrela virus and Ruhugu virus, have been identified in several mammalian species, along with more divergent viruses in fish and reptiles. To screen for the presence of additional novel rubella-like viruses, we mined published transcriptome data using genome sequences from Rubella, Rustrela, and Ruhugu viruses as baits. From this, we identified a novel rubella-like virus in a transcriptome of Tetronarce californica—order Torpediniformes (Pacific electric ray)—that is more closely related to mammalian Rustrela virus than to the divergent fish matonavirus and indicative of a complex pattern of cross-species virus transmission. Analysis of host reads confirmed that the sample analysed was indeed from a Pacific electric ray, and two other viruses identified in this animal, from the Arenaviridae and Reoviridae, grouped with other fish viruses. These findings indicate that the evolutionary history of the Matonaviridae is more complex than previously thought and highlights the vast number of viruses that remain undiscovered.

scholarly journals A survey of fish viruses isolated from wild marine fishes from the coastal waters of southern Korea

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 750-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wi-Sik Kim ◽  
Shin-Young Choi ◽  
Do-Hyung Kim ◽  
Myung-Joo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Southern Korea ◽  
Fish Viruses

Fish Viruses — Survival and Inactivation of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacKelvie ◽  
Denise Desautels
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Fish Viruses ◽  
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis ◽  
Pancreatic Necrosis Virus ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The survival of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus under conditions pertaining to its retention in the laboratory, and its inactivation by several physical and chemical means were examined.Approximately 99.9% of infectivity was lost when washed IPN virus (106.5–107.0 TCID50/ml), suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium diluted 1:10 with PBS, was held at 4 C for 1 yr. After 2 yr more than 102 TCID50/ml remained in both suspensions. The virus survived equally well for 1 yr in 20 and 50% glycerol.Thermal inactivation of IPN virus at 60 C proceeded in a two-component manner, each component following first-order kinetics. At neutral pH, the infectivity of 107 TCID50/ml was reduced by 99.9% in the first 30 min of exposure. After 5 h, 0.0001% still survived. Inactivation rate of the initial rapid component was increased by adjustment of pH to 3 and 10.The curve for the 1:4000 formalin inactivation of 106.5 TCID50/ml of IPN virus was multiphasic. When formalin-treated virus was titrated, cytopathic effect was delayed.Under a UV intensity of 2000 μW/cm2, the infectivity of 107 TCID50/ml of virus was lost exponentially during the first 6 min of exposure after which it abruptly leveled off. The curve was less steep and curvilinear under an intensity of 440 μW/cm2. The level of tailing was the same in both cases.IPN virus was predictably stable at pH 7 at 4 C. A surprising 0.001% of an original concentration of 107 TCID50/ml survived incubation at pH 9 and 2 for 5 wk. The reported survival of IPN virus in homeothermic animals was related to its ability to withstand prolonged exposure to low pH and to its relative heat stability.

scholarly journals Zebrafish RPZ5 Degrades Phosphorylated IRF7 To Repress Interferon Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Long-Feng Lu ◽  
Xiao-Yu Zhou ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Zhuo-Cong Li ◽  
Dan-Dan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Fish Viruses ◽  
Viral Proliferation ◽  
Balance Mechanism ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Inducible Gene

ABSTRACT Interferon (IFN) production activated by phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is a pivotal process during host antiviral infection. For viruses, suppressing the host IFN response is beneficial for viral proliferation; in such cases, evoking host-derived IFN negative regulators would be very useful for viruses. Here, we report that the zebrafish rapunzel 5 (RPZ5) protein which activated by virus degraded phosphorylated IRF7 is activated by TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), leading to a reduction in IFN production. Upon viral infection, zebrafish rpz5 was significantly upregulated, as was ifn, in response to the stimulation. Overexpression of RPZ5 blunted the IFN expression induced by both viral and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) like-receptor (RLR) factors. Subsequently, RPZ5 interacted with RLRs but did not affect the stabilization of the proteins in the normal state. Interestingly, RPZ5 degraded the phosphorylated IRF7 under TBK1 activation through K48-linked ubiquitination. Finally, the overexpression of RPZ5 remarkably reduced the host cell antiviral capacity. These findings suggest that zebrafish RPZ5 is a negative regulator of phosphorylated IRF7 and attenuates IFN expression during viral infection, providing insight into the IFN balance mechanism in fish. IMPORTANCE The phosphorylation of IRF7 is helpful for host IFN production to defend against viral infection; thus, it is a potential target for viruses to mitigate the antiviral response. We report that the fish RPZ5 is an IFN negative regulator induced by fish viruses and degrades the phosphorylated IRF7 activated by TBK1, leading to IFN suppression and promotion of viral proliferation. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for interactions between the host cell and viruses in the lower vertebrate.

Development of new nanoparticulate vaccines against fish viruses in aquaculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1714
Author(s):  
A. Kavaliauskis ◽  
M. Arnemo ◽  
T. Gjøen
Keyword(s):  
Fish Viruses

Transmission of Exotic Fish Viruses

Fisheries ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. Goodwin ◽  
James E. Peterson ◽  
Theodore R. Meyers ◽  
David J. Money
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Fish Viruses

scholarly journals An Antiviral Agent (46NW-04A) Produced byPseudomonassp. and Its Activity against Fish Viruses

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahisa Kimura ◽  
Mamoru Yoshimizu ◽  
Yoshio Ezura ◽  
Yuto Kamei
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Fish Viruses
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