scholarly journals Disaster Resiliency of U.S. Local Governments: Insights to Strengthen Local Response and Recovery from the COVID ‐19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Komla D. Dzigbede ◽  
Sarah Beth Gehl ◽  
Katherine Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Response And Recovery

U.S. Floods

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly A. Cigler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Response ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
State And Local

Floods are the costliest natural hazard events in the United States in terms of lives and property losses. The financial costs of flood disasters are unsustainable, especially for the national government, which assumes the most costs while state and local governments have the greatest ability to avoid great losses due to their influence over land use, economic policy, and other areas that can help mitigate floods and reduce the high costs of relief and recovery. This article summarizes the types, causes, and occurrence of floods in the United States and their unsustainable economic and social costs. It explains that the growing burden to taxpayers from disaster response and recovery has resulted in increased interest by national decision makers in shifting more disaster responsibilities and costs to state and local governments. The article reviews the broad tool kit of mitigation strategies available to local governments and their residents in taking greater responsibility for the impacts of flood events.

scholarly journals If Only We Knew What We Know: Factors for Mobilizing Citizen Participation in Community-based Emergency Preparedness

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Wei-Ning Wu ◽  
Kaiju Chang ◽  
Yi-En Tso
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Emergency Communications ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
Southern Taiwan

Emergency management typically consists of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Citizen participation is recognized as key to these four phases, and local governments are responsible for promoting authentic citizen participation in all phases. Many studies have asserted the importance of citizen participation in improving the capabilities of community-based emergency response and recovery, yet studies on citizen activities and participation in the pre-disaster process are relatively limited. In practice, increasing citizen preparedness for disasters has presented a challenge to local emergency management agencies. In Taiwan, the approaches employed by local emergency management agencies for mobilizing citizens to participate in emergency management activities are often considered in isolation from their other administrative duties. To fill this gap, this study examines factors for mobilizing citizens in disaster exercises from the perspective of local fire branch heads. Using survey data collected from Southern Taiwan in 2013, we found that the capacity of local fire branches to provide emergency communications and information delivery, as well as pre-disaster risk assessment and alert systems, is critical for enhancing citizen participation in the local emergency preparedness process. 应急管理通常包括四个阶段：减灾、准备、响应和恢复。公民参与被认为对这四个阶段都很关键，而地方政府有责任在所有阶段都推动真正的公民参与。许多研究都指出了公民参与在提高社区应急响应和灾后重建能力的重要性，但是有关灾前过程中公民活动和参与的研究却相对较少。在实践中，增强公民应对灾害的就绪度，是地方应急管理部门面临的一大挑战。台湾地方应急管理部门动员公民参与应急管理活动的方式，通常被认为同其他行政职责是相割裂的。为了填补这项空白，本研究从地方消防部门主管的角度，考察了在灾害演练中动员公民的影响因素。使用2013年在台南收集的调查数据，我们发现地方消防部门提供应急沟通与信息传递的能力，以及灾前风险评估和预警系统，是地方应急就绪过程中促进公民参与的关键因素。 재난 관리는 일반적으로 완화, 예방, 대응 그리고 회복의 네 단계로 구성된다. 시민참여는 이러한 네 단계의 핵심으로 인식되며, 지방 정부는 모든 단계에서 진정한 시민 참여 증진에 관한 책임이 있다.  많은 선행 연구가 공동체 기반의 재난 대응과 회복 능력을 개선하기 위하여 시민 참여가 가지는 중요성을 역설하였지만,  재난 이전 단계에서의 시민 활공과 참여에 관한 연구는 제한적이었다. 실무에서의 재난에 관한 시민 예방 증진은 지방 재난 관리 부처에 과제를 제공해 왔다. 대만에서의 지방 재난 관리 부처의 재난 관리 활동에 시민 참여 활성화 방안은 기타의 행정 의무와 별개로 고려되어 왔다. 이러한 선행연구의 공백을 메우기 위하여 본 연구는 지방 소방서장의 관점에서 재난 관리에 시민 참여를 활성화하는 요인을 연구하였다. 본 연구는 2013년 남부 대만에서 수집된 서베이 자료를 이용하여 지방 소방서의 재난 커뮤니케이션, 정보 제공, 재난 이전 리스크 평가 그리고 경보 체제를 제공하는 지방 소방서의 능력이 지방 재난 예방 과정에 시민참여를 고양하는 중요한 요인이라는 것을 확인하였다. 

Florida Agritourism Building and Fire Codes

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Henry ◽  
Kathryn A Stofer
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Regulatory Authority ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Agricultural Operations ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fire Codes

Agritourism marries Florida’s two largest industries, tourism and agriculture, to provide an on-farm recreational experience for consumers. Although Florida trails many other states in the number of agritourism operations, the number of Florida farms offering recreational experiences more than doubled from 2007 to 2012. This new 4-page document describes building codes relevant to Florida agritourism operations. Written by Mary Beth Henry and Kathryn A. Stofer, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc349 A companion document, Florida’s Agritourism Laws, EDIS publication AEC623, Florida’s Agritourism Laws, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc285, discusses Florida Statutes related to definitions, liability protections, and limits to regulatory authority of local governments over bona fide agricultural operations engaged in agritourism.

Fiscal Decentralization in Transition Economies

2004 ◽  
pp. 126-141
Author(s):  
A. Chernyavsky ◽  
K. Vartapetov
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Finance Reform ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Fiscal Autonomy ◽  
Subnational Government ◽  
Tax Autonomy

By employing the methodology developed by the OECD the paper assesses the degree of revenue decentralization in Russia in comparison with other post-communist European countries. The paper provides theoretical arguments underpinning fiscal decentralization, analyzes the composition of subnational government revenues, the level of regional and local tax autonomy and types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The analysis presents the composition of revenues depending on the degree of subnational and local government control. In comparison with other transition countries fiscal decentralization in Russia is relatively low. It is concluded that Russia's public finance reform has not progressed towards providing greater fiscal autonomy for regional and local governments.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antung Deddy Radiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

Response and recovery of Baltic Sea blue mussels from exposure to pharmaceuticals

2015 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kumblad ◽  
H Oskarsson ◽  
C Palmer ◽  
AKE Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Response And Recovery

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document