Conceptual representation of real‐world surface material: Early integration with linguistic‐labels indicated in the N400‐component

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Dudschig ◽  
Barbara Kaup ◽  
Hartmut Leuthold ◽  
Ian Grant Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Linguistic Labels

Real-world evidence highlights sizeable gap in adopting early palliative care referral in patients with advanced cancers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24147-e24147
Author(s):  
Suzanne Cole ◽  
Sarah Storie ◽  
Sonya Owens ◽  
LaShanta Gipson ◽  
Michael Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Real World ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Community Practice ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Early Integration ◽  
Early Palliative Care

e24147 Background: Early referral to palliative care (PC) for patients w/ adv cancer is supported by compelling evidence from large RCTs demonstrating a lower symptom burden, higher QOL, and increased OS. However, these studies reflect pts who have self-selected to accept a PC referral and attend a PC visit. WHO/NCCN/ASCO guidelines support early integration of PC. We sought to characterize the referral patterns in our heme/onc practice to identify and mitigate the barriers to early PC adoption in the community setting. We began a concerted effort to discuss early PC referral w/ pts recently diagnosed w/ adv cancer at the time systemic therapy was initiated. Methods: To ensure real-world applicability of this study, we identified a large satellite clinic of a major academic center w/ access to PC on the main campus (located 20 miles from the satellite clinic). We retrospectively reviewed new pts age 18y+ w/ adv cancer, characterized PC referrals and outcomes. Using qualitative methodology, we identified pt-reported barriers to accepting PC care. Results: 407 new pts were seen; 168 w/ benign heme, 145 w/ early cancers, 94 w/ adv cancers. Of the 94 pts w/ adv cancers, 25 pts had one-time 2ndopinion visits, and 16 pts were not candidates for, or did not desire cancer treatment and directly enrolled on hospice. Our analysis cohort consisted of 53 pts w/ adv cancer pursuing life prolonging therapy. At initiation of treatment, 57 % (n=30) were not offered a PC referral, 22% (n=12) received a PC referral and attended the appt, however 21% (n=11) received a PC referral but did not attend the appt. A qualitative analysis of the 11 patients referred to early PC who did not attend the appt revealed; 5 patients scheduled an appt but did not attend (3-unknown reason, 2-hospitalized during appt, 1-lack of transportation), 2 pts were unreachable, and 4 pts were contacted but declined to schedule stating: “I feel pressured” “I want to hear what other treatment options I have” “I want to be treated first and then see if I need it” "I am overwhelmed with too many new doctors and visits". Conclusions: Despite the benefit of early PC referral in pts w/ adv cancer, we identified a considerable gap in its adoption in our community practice despite access to proximate PC clinic. Further studies are under design to address institutional and pt-related factors to improve real-world adoption of this critical service.

scholarly journals Real world colour constancy - the effect of surface material

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 951-951
Author(s):  
A. Werner ◽  
L. Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Colour Constancy ◽  
Effect Of Surface

scholarly journals Surface Sampling of Spores in Dry-Deposition Aerosols

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Edmonds ◽  
Patricia J. Collett ◽  
Erica R. Valdes ◽  
Evan W. Skowronski ◽  
Gregory J. Pellar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Real World ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Spore Deposition ◽  
Liquid Deposition

ABSTRACT The ability to reliably and reproducibly sample surfaces contaminated with a biological agent is a critical step in measuring the extent of contamination and determining if decontamination steps have been successful. The recovery operations following the 2001 attacks with Bacillus anthracis spores were complicated by the fact that no standard sample collection format or decontamination procedures were established. Recovery efficiencies traditionally have been calculated based upon biological agents which were applied to test surfaces in a liquid format and then allowed to dry prior to sampling tests, which may not be best suited for a real-world event with aerosolized biological agents. In order to ascertain if differences existed between air-dried liquid deposition and biological spores which were allowed to settle on a surface in a dried format, a study was undertaken to determine if differences existed in surface sampling recovery efficiencies for four representative surfaces. Studies were then undertaken to compare sampling efficiencies between liquid spore deposition and aerosolized spores which were allowed to gradually settle under gravity on four different test coupon types. Tests with both types of deposition compared efficiencies of four unique swabbing materials applied to four surfaces with various surface properties. Our studies demonstrate that recovery of liquid-deposited spores differs significantly from recovery of dry aerosol-deposited spores in most instances. Whether the recovery of liquid-deposited spores is overexaggerated or underrepresented with respect to that of aerosol-deposited spores depends upon the surface material being tested.

scholarly journals What Can We Learn from Urban Crisis?

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Kristian Hoelscher ◽  
Hanne Cecilie Geirbo ◽  
Lisbet Harboe ◽  
Sobah Abbas Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Real World ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Conceptual Representation ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

The irreversible transition towards urban living entails complex challenges and vulnerabilities for citizens, civic authorities, and the management of global commons. Many cities remain beset by political, infrastructural, social, or economic fragility, with crisis arguably becoming an increasingly present condition of urban life. While acknowledging the intense vulnerabilities that cities can face, this article contends that innovative, flexible, and often ground-breaking policies, practices, and activities designed to manage and overcome fragility can emerge in cities beset by crisis. We argue that a deeper understanding of such practices and the knowledge emerging from contexts of urban crisis may offer important insights to support urban resilience and sustainable development. We outline a simple conceptual representation of the interrelationships between urban crisis and knowledge production, situate this in the context of literature on resilience, sustainability, and crisis, and present illustrative examples of real-world practices. In discussing these perspectives, we reflect on how we may better value, use, and exchange knowledge and practice in order to address current and future urban challenges.

scholarly journals Adaptive Non-singleton Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Systems: A Way Forward for Handling Numerical Uncertainties in Real World Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazanin Sahab ◽  
Hani Hagras
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Real World ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Linguistic Labels

Real world environments are characterized by high levels of linguistic and numerical uncertainties. A Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is recognized as an adequate methodology to handle the uncertainties and imprecision available in real world environments and applications. Since the invention of fuzzy logic, it has been applied with great success to numerous real world applications such as washing machines, food processors, battery chargers, electrical vehicles, and several other domestic and industrial appliances. The first generation of FLSs were type-1 FLSs in which type-1 fuzzy sets were employed. Later, it was found that using type-2 FLSs can enable the handling of higher levels of uncertainties. Recent works have shown that interval type-2 FLSs can outperform type-1 FLSs in the applications which encompass high uncertainty levels. However, the majority of interval type-2 FLSs handle the linguistic and input numerical uncertainties using singleton interval type-2 FLSs that mix the numerical and linguistic uncertainties to be handled only by the linguistic labels type-2 fuzzy sets. This ignores the fact that if input numerical uncertainties were present, they should affect the incoming inputs to the FLS. Even in the papers that employed non-singleton type-2 FLSs, the input signals were assumed to have a predefined shape (mostly Gaussian or triangular) which might not reflect the real uncertainty distribution which can vary with the associated measurement. In this paper, we will present a new approach which is based on an adaptive non-singleton interval type-2 FLS where the numerical uncertainties will be modeled and handled by non-singleton type-2 fuzzy inputs and the linguistic uncertainties will be handled by interval type-2 fuzzy sets to represent the antecedents’ linguistic labels. The non-singleton type-2 fuzzy inputs are dynamic and they are automatically generated from data and they do not assume a specific shape about the distribution associated with the given sensor. We will present several real world experiments using a real world robot which will show how the proposed type-2 non-singleton type-2 FLS will produce a superior performance to its singleton type-1 and type-2 counterparts when encountering high levels of uncertainties.

scholarly journals Two Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Semantic Integration during the Comprehension of Visual Real-world Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2037-2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sitnikova ◽  
Phillip J. Holcomb ◽  
Kristi A. Kiyonaga ◽  
Gina R. Kuperberg
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Late Positivity ◽  
Incoming Information ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Integration Mechanisms ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Anterior Negativity

How do comprehenders build up overall meaning representations of visual real-world events? This question was examined by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) while participants viewed short, silent movie clips depicting everyday events. In two experiments, it was demonstrated that presentation of the contextually inappropriate information in the movie endings evoked an anterior negativity. This effect was similar to the N400 component whose amplitude has been previously reported to inversely correlate with the strength of semantic relationship between the context and the eliciting stimulus in word and static picture paradigms. However, a second, somewhat later, ERP component—a posterior late positivity—was evoked specifically when target objects presented in the movie endings violated goal-related requirements of the action constrained by the scenario context (e.g., an electric iron that does not have a sharp-enough edge was used in place of a knife in a cutting bread scenario context). These findings suggest that comprehension of the visual real world might be mediated by two neurophysiologically distinct semantic integration mechanisms. The first mechanism, reflected by the anterior N400-like negativity, maps the incoming information onto the connections of various strengths between concepts in semantic memory. The second mechanism, reflected by the posterior late positivity, evaluates the incoming information against the discrete requirements of real-world actions. We suggest that there may be a tradeoff between these mechanisms in their utility for integrating across people, objects, and actions during event comprehension, in which the first mechanism is better suited for familiar situations, and the second mechanism is better suited for novel situations.

Replications can cause distorted belief in scientific progress

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Białek
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
The Public ◽  
Psychological Science

AbstractIf we want psychological science to have a meaningful real-world impact, it has to be trusted by the public. Scientific progress is noisy; accordingly, replications sometimes fail even for true findings. We need to communicate the acceptability of uncertainty to the public and our peers, to prevent psychology from being perceived as having nothing to say about reality.

Material analysis techniques using the ion mill

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1034-1035
Author(s):  
J. P. Benedict ◽  
R. M. Anderson ◽  
S. J. Klepeis
Keyword(s):  
Polished Surface ◽  
Surface Material ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
Optical Inspection ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Argon Ions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ion mills equipped with flood guns can perform two important functions in material analysis; they can either remove material or deposit material. The ion mill holder shown in Fig. 1 is used to remove material from the polished surface of a sample for further optical inspection or SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscopy ) analysis. The sample is attached to a pohshing stud type SEM mount and placed in the ion mill holder with the polished surface of the sample pointing straight up, as shown in Fig 2. As the holder is rotating in the ion mill, Argon ions from the flood gun are directed down at the top of the sample. The impact of Argon ions against the surface of the sample causes some of the surface material to leave the sample at a material dependent, nonuniform rate. As a result, the polished surface will begin to develop topography during milling as fast sputtering materials leave behind depressions in the polished surface.

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