P D components and distractor inhibition in visual search: New evidence for the signal suppression hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandi Lee Drisdelle ◽  
Martin Eimer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Distractor Inhibition ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Distractor inhibition in visual search can be facilitated by value salience

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Gong ◽  
Sheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Distractor Inhibition

scholarly journals Reward learning and statistical learning independently influence attentional priority of salient distractors in visual search

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike E. Le Pelley ◽  
Rhonda Ung ◽  
Chisato Mine ◽  
Steven B. Most ◽  
Poppy Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Incentive Salience ◽  
Selection History ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
Priority Map

AbstractExisting research demonstrates different ways in which attentional prioritization of salient nontarget stimuli is shaped by prior experience: Reward learning renders signals of high-value outcomes more likely to capture attention than signals of low-value outcomes, whereas statistical learning can produce attentional suppression of the location in which salient distractor items are likely to appear. The current study combined manipulations of the value and location associated with salient distractors in visual search to investigate whether these different effects of selection history operate independently or interact to determine overall attentional prioritization of salient distractors. In Experiment 1, high-value and low-value distractors most frequently appeared in the same location; in Experiment 2, high-value and low-value distractors typically appeared in distinct locations. In both experiments, effects of distractor value and location were additive, suggesting that attention-promoting effects of value and attention-suppressing effects of statistical location-learning independently modulate overall attentional priority. Our findings are consistent with a view that sees attention as mediated by a common priority map that receives and integrates separate signals relating to physical salience and value, with signal suppression based on statistical learning determined by physical salience, but not incentive salience.

scholarly journals Spatial deployment of attention in visual search: new evidence against a strict parallel model

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-936
Author(s):  
L. Dugue ◽  
D. McLelland ◽  
M. Lajous ◽  
R. VanRullen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Parallel Model ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals Imagine, and you will find – Lack of attentional guidance through visual imagery in aphantasics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin Monzel ◽  
Kristof Keidel ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Attentional Guidance ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
New Evidence

AbstractAphantasia is the condition of reduced or absent voluntary imagery. So far, behavioural differences between aphantasics and non-aphantasics have hardly been studied as the base rate of those affected is quite low. The aim of the study was to examine if attentional guidance in aphantasics is impaired by their lack of visual imagery. In two visual search tasks, an already established one by Moriya (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 80(5), 1127-1142, 2018) and a newly developed one, we examined whether aphantasics are primed less by their visual imagery than non-aphantasics. The sample in Study 1 consisted of 531 and the sample in Study 2 consisted of 325 age-matched pairs of aphantasics and non-aphantasics. Moriya’s Task was not capable of showing the expected effect, whereas the new developed task was. These results could mainly be attributed to different task characteristics. Therefore, a lack of attentional guidance through visual imagery in aphantasics can be assumed and interpreted as new evidence in the imagery debate, showing that mental images actually influence information processing and are not merely epiphenomena of propositional processing.

scholarly journals Statistical learning of frequent distractor locations in visual search involves regional signal suppression in early visual cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Zhang ◽  
Ralph Weidner ◽  
Fredrik Allenmark ◽  
Sabine Bertleff ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Paradigm ◽  
Distractor Location ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
Signal Suppression ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Early Visual Cortex

Observers can learn the locations where salient distractors appear frequently to reduce potential interference - an effect attributed to better suppression of distractors at frequent locations. But how distractor suppression is implemented in the visual cortex and frontoparietal attention networks remains unclear. We used fMRI and a regional distractor-location learning paradigm (Sauter et al. 2018, 2020) with two types of distractors defined in either the same (orientation) or a different (colour) dimension to the target to investigate this issue. fMRI results showed that BOLD signals in early visual cortex were significantly reduced for distractors (as well as targets) occurring at the frequent versus rare locations, mirroring behavioural patterns. This reduction was more robust with same-dimension distractors. Crucially, behavioural interference was correlated with distractor-evoked visual activity only for same- (but not different-) dimension distractors. Moreover, with different- (but not same-) dimension distractors, a colour-processing area within the fusiform gyrus was activated more when a colour distractor was present versus absent and with a distractor occurring at a rare versus frequent location. These results support statistical learning of frequent distractor locations involving regional suppression in the early visual cortex and point to differential neural mechanisms of distractor handling with different- versus same-dimension distractors.

Systematic effects in observed parallaxes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
R. B. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Error Estimates ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Absolute Zero ◽  
Apparent Magnitude ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
General Catalogue ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Right Ascension

Several outstanding problems affecting the existing parallaxes should be resolved to form a coherent system for the new General Catalogue proposed by van Altena, as well as to improve luminosity calibrations and other parallax applications. Lutz has reviewed several of these problems, such as: (A) systematic differences between observatories, (B) external error estimates, (C) the absolute zero point, and (D) systematic observational effects (in right ascension, declination, apparent magnitude, etc.). Here we explore the use of cluster and spectroscopic parallaxes, and the distributions of observed parallaxes, to bring new evidence to bear on these classic problems. Several preliminary results have been obtained.

MERLIN Finds New Evidence of Ranolazine Safety

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
BRUCE JANCIN
Keyword(s):  
New Evidence

Vaccination for travellers – new evidence and recommendations

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matius P. Stürchler ◽  
R. P. Steffen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
New Evidence

Impfungen sind einfache und effektive Maßnahmen zur Verhinderung von Reisekrankheiten. Compliance-Probleme sind gering, da alle Impfungen noch vor Abreise verabreicht werden und bei manchen Impfungen nur eine Dosis für den zuverlässigen Schutz nötig ist. Für jeden Reisenden sind die Hepatitis A- und die Diphtherie-Tetanus-Impfung empfohlen, für Asien und Afrika auch die Polioimpfung. Bei Reisen >30 Tagen, jüngeren Personen und Reisenden mit Risikoverhalten sollte immer auch eine Hepatitis B-Impfung, eventuell als Kombination mit Hepatitis A in Betracht gezogen werden. Je nach Reisestil, -destination und -dauer können auch weitere Impfungen wie z.B. die Typhus-, Tollwut-, Zeckenenzephalitis-, Grippe-, Masern-Mumps-Röteln-, Gelbfieber-, Meningokokkenmeningitis- und die Japanische Enzephalitis-Impfung in Frage kommen. Mehrere Impfungen können gleichzeitig verabreicht werden – eine Staffelung ist nicht nötig. i BAG Supplementum VI, Stand Juli 2000 «Impfungen für Auslandreisende»; http://www.admin.ch/bag/infekt/prev/reisemed/index.htm; Safetravel http://www.safetravel.ch; Tropimed

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