Cognitive reappraisal during unpleasant picture processing: Subjective self‐report and peripheral physiology

2019 ◽  
pp. e13372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Fuentes‐Sánchez ◽  
Irene Jaén ◽  
Miguel A. Escrig ◽  
Ignacio Lucas ◽  
M. Carmen Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Unpleasant Picture

scholarly journals Reduced effective emotion regulation in night owls.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Depression Symptomatology ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and fourty participants (age range 18- 80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depression symptomatology, sleep quality and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated increased expressive suppression and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

scholarly journals Does Psychosocial Stress Impact Cognitive Reappraisal? Behavioral and Neural Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheen Shermohammed ◽  
Pranjal H. Mehta ◽  
Joan Zhang ◽  
Cassandra M. Brandes ◽  
Luke J. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stress Group

Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is regarded as an effective emotion regulation strategy. Acute stress, however, is believed to impair the functioning of prefrontal-based neural systems, which could result in lessened effectiveness of CR under stress. This study tested the behavioral and neurobiological impact of acute stress on CR. While undergoing fMRI, adult participants ( n = 54) passively viewed or used CR to regulate their response to negative and neutral pictures and provided ratings of their negative affect in response to each picture. Half of the participants experienced an fMRI-adapted acute psychosocial stress manipulation similar to the Trier Social Stress Test, and a control group received parallel manipulations without the stressful components. Relative to the control group, the stress group exhibited heightened stress as indexed by self-report, heart rate, and salivary cortisol throughout the scan. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that reappraisal success was equivalent in the control and stress groups, as was electrodermal response to the pictures. Heart rate deceleration, a physiological response typically evoked by aversive pictures, was blunted in response to negative pictures and heightened in response to neutral pictures in the stress group. In the brain, we found weak evidence of stress-induced increases of reappraisal-related activity in parts of the PFC and left amygdala, but these relationships were statistically fragile. Together, these findings suggest that both the self-reported and neural effects of CR may be robust to at least moderate levels of stress, informing theoretical models of stress effects on cognition and emotion.

Habitual Emotion Regulation and the Facial Grimace

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith W. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Major Activity ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Zygomaticus Major

Images of pleasant scenes usually produce increased activity over the zygomaticus major muscle, as measured by electromyography (EMG), while less activity is elicited by unpleasant images. However, increases in zygomaticus major EMG activity while viewing unpleasant images have occasionally been reported in the literature on affective facial expression (i.e., “grimacing”). To examine the possibility that individual differences in emotion regulation might be responsible for this inconsistently observed phenomenon, the habitual emotion regulation tendencies of 63 participants (32 women) were assessed and categorized according to their regulatory tendencies. Participants viewed emotionally salient images while zygomaticus major EMG activity was recorded. Participants also provided self-report ratings of their experienced emotional valence and arousal while viewing the pictures. Despite demonstrating intact affective ratings, the “grimacing” pattern of zygomaticus major activity was observed in those who were less likely to use the cognitive reappraisal strategy to regulate their emotions.

scholarly journals Cognitive reappraisal of negative affect: Converging evidence from EMG and self-report.

Emotion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca D. Ray ◽  
Kateri McRae ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report

scholarly journals The Mediating Roles of Acceptance and Cognitive Reappraisal in the Relation Between Hope and Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescents After the Ya'an Earthquake

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhou ◽  
Xinchun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Indirect Path ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Previous theoretical research has indicated that hope, cognitive reappraisal, and acceptance may contribute to posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, the combined effects of these factors on PTG have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the current study examined the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Ya'an earthquake. The sample included 397 adolescent survivors, who completed self-report measures 2.5 years after the earthquake. The mediating effects were assessed by constructing a multiple indirect effects model. The findings indicated that traumatic exposure only have predictive value for PTG, but not other variables. Moreover, when we controlled for gender, age, and traumatic exposure, hope had a direct and positive effect on PTG. We found an indirect and positive effect of hope on PTG via cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, as well as via an indirect path from cognitive reappraisal to acceptance. These findings suggest that utilising the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG is crucial in developing methods for fostering PTG.

scholarly journals Psychosocial Factors of Non-suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents and Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-655
Author(s):  
Soulat Khan ◽  
Rukhsana Kasusar
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Cohesion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Self Injury

Present research examines the factors of Non-suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) in self-injuring individuals. Sample comprised of 164 (n = 82 self-injurers, n = 82 non self-injurers) adolescents and young adults aged 16 to 24 years (M = 20.47, SD = 1.80). Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-IV (Olson, 2011), Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (Horowitz, Alden, & Wiggins, 1996), Anger Self Report Questionnaire (Reynolds, Walkey, & Green, 1994), Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), Self-Harm Behavior Questionnaire (Osman & Guiterrez, 2001), Self-Rating Scale (Hooley, Glassman, Weierich, Deliberto, & Nock, 2002), and Demographic Information Questionnaire were used for assessment. Findings demonstrated that self-criticism, anger, emotional suppression, and interpersonal problems had significant, positive; while cognitive reappraisal, family cohesion, and communication had significant negative relationship with NSSI. Family rigidity, enmeshment, self-criticism, and anger emerged as significant positive predictors of NSSI. Cognitive reappraisal mediated the relationship between family cohesion and NSSI. Study findings enhanced the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in NSSI and subsequent conceptualization and treatment of adolescents and young adults with NSSI.

scholarly journals Reduced Effective Emotion Regulation in Night Owls

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra L. Watts ◽  
Ray Norbury
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Age Range

Previous research has demonstrated a clear link between late chronotype and depression. The vulnerability factors underpinning this link, however, are unclear. Here the relationship between two specific emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, and chronotype was investigated using multiple regression. Two hundred and forty participants (age range 18-80, 189 females) completed validated self-report questionnaires assaying chronotype, neuroticism, depressive symptomatology, sleep quality, and emotion regulation. Eveningness was associated with increased expressive suppression, and morningness was associated with increased cognitive reappraisal after controlling for age, gender, depressive symptomatology, neuroticism, and sleep quality. Trait expressive suppression and reduced cognitive reappraisal are known to increase depression risk. Our results suggest that eveningness is associated with impaired emotion regulation, which may confer risk for future depression. These findings suggest modifiable markers that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent the onset of depression in late chronotype individuals.

scholarly journals The Role of Cognitive Reappraisal and Expectations in Dealing with Social Feedback

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selene Nasso ◽  
Marie Anne Vanderhasselt ◽  
Antonio Schettino ◽  
Rudi de Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Research Findings

Whereas emotion regulation (ER) in response to distressing events is widely studied, the mechanisms underlying adaptive ER while anticipating these events are still unknown. In this study, we investigated how ER strategies and expectation influence (1) individuals’ anticipatory and online processing of self-relevant events, and (2) their affective response to them. Sixty-one healthy female participants were exposed to bogus positive and negative social feedback under reappraisal and watch instructions (no regulation). During the anticipatory period, participants were either expecting negative feedback or they had no expectation regarding the valence of the upcoming self-relevant feedback. Hence, negative feedback was, respectively, expected or unexpected. Participants’ affective responses were collected via self-report and electromyographic activity over the corrugator muscle. Results showed that participants’ negative affect (based on both self reports and EMG) was reduced by the instructions to reappraise as compared to the watch condition. Yet, such beneficial effect of reappraisal was: 1) not observed during the anticipation phase; and 2) less effective when social feedback was expected (as compared to not expected) prior to its presentation. Possibly, cognitive reappraisal might be less able to overcome the influence of negative forecasting of self-relevant negative emotional stimuli. Research findings are discussed in light of potential mechanisms underlying impaired adaptive emotion regulation in patients vulnerable for mood disorders.

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