Efficacy of stimulus intensity increases and decreases as inhibitors of the acoustic startle response

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. e13266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hope Peterson ◽  
Terry D. Blumenthal
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response

scholarly journals Habituation of the ultrasound-induced acoustic startle response in flying crickets

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. May ◽  
R. R. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Stimulus Generalization ◽  
Field Crickets

The ultrasound-induced negative phonotactic response of tethered, flying Australian field crickets habituates to repeated stimuli. Using the magnitude of the metathoracic leg's swing during a series of ultrasonic stimuli as a measure of habituation, we show that: (1) the response declines exponentially; (2) the response recovers spontaneously; (3) repeated trials produce more rapid and stronger habituation; (4) successive stimuli presented more rapidly produce more rapid and stronger habituation; (5) a weaker stimulus intensity produces more rapid and stronger habituation; (6) the habituation shows stimulus generalization (i.e. the response is similar for different ultrasonic frequencies); (7) a novel stimulus produces dishabituation; and (8) the effect of the dishabituating stimulus habituates after repeated trials. These findings place habituation of cricket negative phonotaxis in the context described for habituation in mammals.

scholarly journals Ultrasound acoustic startle response in scarab beetles.

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (12) ◽  
pp. 2593-2598 ◽  
Author(s):  
T G Forrest ◽  
H E Farris ◽  
R R Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Head Roll ◽  
Acoustic Sensitivity ◽  
Scarab Beetles

We discovered an auditory sense in a night-flying scarab beetle, Euetheola humilis, the first scarab to be shown to hear airborne sounds. In the field, beetles were captured beneath speakers broadcasting ultrasound that simulated bat echolocation pulses. Apparently, the beetles took evasive action from a potential bat predator and flew into the traps. Using another behavioral assay in laboratory studies, the beetles were sensitive to frequencies ranging from 20 to 70 kHz at levels between 60 and 70 dB SPL. One component of the behavioral response, a head roll, was graded with stimulus intensity, and the number of potentials in electromyographic recordings from muscles involved in the roll increased as stimulus intensity increased. The response latency was about 40 ms at threshold, decreasing to about 30 ms at 20 dB above threshold. The beetle's short response latency is ideally suited for predator avoidance behavior and the frequency tuning of the response suggests that it could function in evasion from insectivorous bats. The beetle's acoustic sensitivity is remarkably similar to that of other night-flying insects showing ultrasound-induced startle and it should provide these scarab beetles with a similar advance warning of predation risk.

The Acoustic Startle Response and Disruption of Aiming. 2. Modulation by Forewarning and Preliminary Stimuli

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Foss ◽  
James R. Ison ◽  
James P. Torre ◽  
Wansack Jr ◽  
Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response

Impaired sensorimotor gating of the acoustic startle response in the prodrome of schizophrenia

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Quednow ◽  
I. Frommann ◽  
J. Berning ◽  
K.U. Kühn ◽  
W. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Sensorimotor Gating

Structural brain correlates of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in healthy humans

NeuroImage ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Kumari ◽  
Elena Antonova ◽  
Elizabeth Zachariah ◽  
Adrian Galea ◽  
Ingrid Aasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Brain Correlates ◽  
Structural Brain
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