scholarly journals Modeling startle eyeblink electromyogram to assess fear learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Khemka ◽  
Athina Tzovara ◽  
Samuel Gerster ◽  
Boris B. Quednow ◽  
Dominik R. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning ◽  
Startle Eyeblink

Review of Fear: Learning to cope.

1978 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 970-970
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS R. DENNEY
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning

Interoceptive fear learning to an inspiratory load using 20% CO2 inhalation as an unconditioned stimulus

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Van Diest ◽  
P. Davenport ◽  
O. Van den Bergh ◽  
E. Robertson ◽  
S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Unconditioned Stimulus ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Inspiratory Load

Mechanisms Behind Prepared-Fear Learning

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lobue ◽  
James Coan ◽  
Judy Deloache
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning

Immunization against social fear learning.

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armita Golkar ◽  
Andreas Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning ◽  
Social Fear ◽  
Social Fear Learning

Using a novel paradigm to examine observational fear‐learning across development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Skversky‐Blocq ◽  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
Tomer Shechner
Keyword(s):  
Fear Learning

scholarly journals Decreased defensive reactivity to interoceptive threat after successful exposure-based psychotherapy in patients with panic disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Benke ◽  
Manuela G. Alius ◽  
Alfons O. Hamm ◽  
Christiane A. Pané-Farré
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Wait List ◽  
Eyeblink Response ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Startle Eyeblink ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractPanic disorder (PD) is characterized by a dysfunctional defensive responding to panic-related body symptoms that is assumed to contribute to the persistence of panic symptomatology. The present study aimed at examining whether this dysfunctional defensive reactivity to panic-related body symptoms would no longer be present following successful cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) but would persist when patients show insufficient symptom improvement. Therefore, in the present study, effects of CBT on reported symptoms and defensive response mobilization during interoceptive challenge were investigated using hyperventilation as a respiratory symptom provocation procedure. Changes in defensive mobilization to body symptoms in the course of CBT were investigated in patients with a primary diagnosis of PD with or without agoraphobia by applying a highly standardized hyperventilation task prior to and after a manual-based CBT (n = 38) or a waiting period (wait-list controls: n = 20). Defensive activation was indexed by the potentiation of the amygdala-dependent startle eyeblink response. All patients showed a pronounced defensive response mobilization to body symptoms at baseline. After treatment, no startle reflex potentiation was found in those patients who showed a clinically significant improvement. However, wait-list controls and treatment non-responders continued to show increased defensive responses to actually innocuous body symptoms after the treatment/waiting period. The present results indicate that the elimination of defensive reactivity to actually innocuous body symptoms might be a neurobiological correlate and indicator of successful CBT in patients with PD, which may help to monitor and optimize CBT outcomes.

scholarly journals Acetylation of Calmodulin Regulates Synaptic Plasticity and Fear Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 101034
Author(s):  
Hai-Long Zhang ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Yi-Bei Sun ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Fear Learning

scholarly journals Observational Fear Learning in Rats: Role of Trait Anxiety and Ultrasonic Vocalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Markus Fendt ◽  
Claudia Paulina Gonzalez-Guerrero ◽  
Evelyn Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalization ◽  
Fear Learning ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Learning Procedure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Rats can acquire fear by observing conspecifics that express fear in the presence of conditioned fear stimuli. This process is called observational fear learning and is based on the social transmission of the demonstrator rat’s emotion and the induction of an empathy-like or anxiety state in the observer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of trait anxiety and ultrasonic vocalization in observational fear learning. Two experiments with male Wistar rats were performed. In the first experiment, trait anxiety was assessed in a light–dark box test before the rats were submitted to the observational fear learning procedure. In the second experiment, ultrasonic vocalization was recorded throughout the whole observational fear learning procedure, and 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls were analyzed. The results of our study show that trait anxiety differently affects direct fear learning and observational fear learning. Direct fear learning was more pronounced with higher trait anxiety, while observational fear learning was the best with a medium-level of trait anxiety. There were no indications in the present study that ultrasonic vocalization, especially emission of 22 kHz calls, but also 50 kHz calls, are critical for observational fear learning.

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