scholarly journals Prediction and perception: Defensive startle modulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1664-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Sege ◽  
Margaret M. Bradley ◽  
Peter J. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Startle Modulation

scholarly journals No consistent startle modulation by reward

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Schutte ◽  
Johanna M. P. Baas ◽  
Ivo Heitland ◽  
J. Leon Kenemans
Keyword(s):  
Startle Reflex ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Future Experiment ◽  
Reflex Modulation ◽  
Monetary Rewards ◽  
Potential Gain ◽  
Subjective Value ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Startle Modulation ◽  
Aversive Motivation

AbstractPrevious studies have not clearly demonstrated whether motivational tendencies during reward feedback are mainly characterized by appetitive responses to a gain or mainly by aversive consequences of reward omission. In the current study this issue was addressed employing a passive head or tails game and using the startle reflex as an index of the appetitive-aversive continuum. A second aim of the current study was to use startle-reflex modulation as a means to compare the subjective value of monetary rewards of varying magnitude. Startle responses after receiving feedback that a potential reward was won or not won were compared with a baseline condition without a potential gain. Furthermore, startle responses during anticipation of no versus potential gain were compared. Consistent with previous studies, startle-reflex magnitudes were significantly potentiated when participants anticipated a reward compared to no reward, which may reflect anticipatory arousal. Specifically for the largest reward (20-cents) startle magnitudes were potentiated when a reward was at stake but not won, compared to a neutral baseline without potential gain. In contrast, startle was not inhibited relative to baseline when a reward was won. This suggests that startle modulation during feedback is better characterized in terms of potentiation when missing out on reward rather than in terms of inhibition as a result of winning. However, neither of these effects were replicated in a more targeted second experiment. The discrepancy between these experiments may be due to differences in motivation to obtain rewards or differences in task engagement. From these experiments it may be concluded that the nature of the processing of reward feedback and reward cues is very sensitive to experimental parameters and settings. These studies show how apparently modest changes in these parameters and settings may lead to quite different modulations of appetitive/aversive motivation. A future experiment may shed more light on the question whether startle-reflex modulation after feedback is indeed mainly characterized by the aversive consequences of reward omission for relatively large rewards.

Maturation of Startle Modulation

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Ornitz ◽  
Donald Guthrie ◽  
Andrea R. Kaplan ◽  
Shelly J. Lane ◽  
Robert J. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Startle Modulation

Lack of startle modulation by smoking cues in smokers

2004 ◽  
Vol 173 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Orain-Pelissolo ◽  
C. Grillon ◽  
F. Perez-Diaz ◽  
R. Jouvent
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cues ◽  
Startle Modulation

Deletion in Catna2, encoding αN-catenin, causes cerebellar and hippocampal lamination defects and impaired startle modulation

10.1038/ng908 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chankyu Park ◽  
William Falls ◽  
Jacqueline H. Finger ◽  
Chantal M. Longo-Guess ◽  
Susan L. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Startle Modulation

scholarly journals Enhanced Affective Startle Modulation in Salt-Sensitive Subjects

Hypertension ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1325-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Buchholz ◽  
Hartmut Schächinger ◽  
Miriam Wagner ◽  
Ulrike Schorr ◽  
Arya Mitra Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Startle Modulation

Addressing the specificity of affective startle modulation: fear versus disgust

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R Yartz ◽  
Larry W Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Startle Modulation

scholarly journals The chronometry of affective startle modulation in unipolar depression.

2008 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Dichter ◽  
Andrew J. Tomarken
Keyword(s):  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Startle Modulation

Early- and late-onset startle modulation in unipolar depression

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S. Dichter ◽  
Andrew J. Tomarken ◽  
Richard C. Shelton ◽  
Steven K. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Startle Modulation
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