Gap prepulse inhibition of the auditory late response in healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunseo Ku ◽  
Joong Woo Ahn ◽  
Chiheon Kwon ◽  
Myung-Whan Suh ◽  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Late Response

scholarly journals A Gap Prepulse with a Principal Stimulus Yields a Combined Auditory Late Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Jae-Hun Lee ◽  
Jae Yun Jung ◽  
Ilyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Acoustic Startle ◽  
Acoustic Startle Response ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Maximal Inhibition ◽  
Zero Padding ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Per Se

Background and Objectives: The gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response has been used to screen tinnitus in an animal model. Here, we examined changes in the auditory late response under various conditions of gap prepulse inhibition.Subjects and Methods: We recruited 19 healthy adults (5 males, 14 females) and their auditory late responses were recorded after various stimuli with or without gap prepulsing. The N1 and P2 responses were selected for analysis. The gap prepulse inhibition was estimated to determine the optimal auditory late response in the gap prepulse paradigm.Results: We found that the gap per se generated a response that was very similar to the response elicited by sound stimuli. This critically affected the gap associated with the maximal inhibition of the stimulus response. Among the various gap-stimulus intervals (GSIs) between the gap and principal stimulus, the GSI of 150 ms maximally inhibited the response. However, after zero padding was used to minimize artifacts after a P2 response to a gap stimulus, the differences among the GSIs disappeared.Conclusions: Overall, the data suggest that both the prepulse inhibition and the gap per se should be considered when using the gap prepulse paradigm to assess tinnitus in humans.

scholarly journals Effects of Magnitude of Leading Stimulus on Prepulse Inhibition of Auditory Evoked Cerebral Responses: An Exploratory Study

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1024
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kawano ◽  
Eishi Motomura ◽  
Koji Inui ◽  
Motohiro Okada
Keyword(s):  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Feature Change ◽  
Click Train ◽  
Sensory Changes ◽  
Plateau Level

An abrupt change in a sound feature (test stimulus) elicits a specific cerebral response, which is attenuated by a weaker sound feature change (prepulse) preceding the test stimulus. As an exploratory study, we investigated whether and how the magnitude of the change of the prepulse affects the degree of prepulse inhibition (PPI). Sound stimuli were 650 ms trains of clicks at 100 Hz. The test stimulus was an abrupt sound pressure increase (by 10 dB) in the click train. Three consecutive clicks, weaker (−5 dB, −10 dB, −30 dB, or gap) than the baseline, at 30, 40, and 50 ms before the test stimulus, were used as prepulses. Magnetic responses to the ten types of stimuli (test stimulus alone, control, four types of tests with prepulses, and four types of prepulses alone) were recorded in 10 healthy subjects. The change-related N1m component, peaking at approximately 130 ms, and its PPI were investigated. The degree of PPI caused by the −5 dB prepulse was significantly weaker than that caused by other prepulses. The degree of PPI caused by further decreases in prepulse magnitude showed a plateau level between the −10 dB and gap prepulses. The results suggest that there is a physiologically significant range of sensory changes for PPI, which plays a role in the change detection for survival.

Prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex depends on the catechol O-methyltransferase Val158Met gene polymorphism

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1651-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Roussos ◽  
S. G. Giakoumaki ◽  
M. Rogdaki ◽  
S. Pavlakis ◽  
S. Frangou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Prepulse Inhibition ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Catabolic Pathway ◽  
Attentional Deficits ◽  
Healthy Males

BackgroundRecent evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) agonist-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) depends on basal PPI values, in a manner that suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between PPI and prefrontal DA levels. This is the first study to examine possible genetic determinants of PPI and the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, the main catabolic pathway of released DA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC).MethodPPI was measured in 93 healthy males presented with 75-dB and 85-dB prepulses at 60-ms and 120-ms prepulse–pulse intervals. Subjects were grouped according to their COMT status into a Val/Val, a Val/Met and a Met/Met group.ResultsANOVAs showed that at all prepulse and interval conditions, Val/Val individuals had the lowest PPI, Met/Met the highest, and Val/Met were intermediate.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PPI is regulated by DA neurotransmission in the PFC and its levels depend on the COMT Val158Met gene polymorphism. These findings enhance the value of the PPI paradigm in examining individual variability of early information processing in healthy subjects and psychiatric disorders associated with changes in PFC DA activity and attentional deficits such as schizophrenia.

Reflex Responses in Upper Limb Muscles to Cutaneous Stimuli

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Intensity ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Cutaneous Reflexes ◽  
Focal Lesions ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Biphasic Responses

ABSTRACT:Cutaneous reflexes in the upper limb were elicited by stimulating digital nerves and recorded by averaging rectified EMG from proximal and distal upper limb muscles during voluntary contraction. Distal muscles often showed a triphasic response: an inhibition with onset about 50 ms (Il) followed by a facilitation with onset about 60 ms (E2) followed by another inhibition with onset about 80 ms (12). Proximal muscles generally showed biphasic responses beginning with facilitation or inhibition with onset at about 40 ms. Normal ranges for the amplitude of these components were established from recordings on 22 arms of 11 healthy subjects. An attempt was made to determine the alterent fibers responsible for the various components by varying the stimulus intensity, by causing ischemic block of larger fibers and by estimating the afferent conduction velocities. The central pathways mediating these reflexes were examined by estimating central delays and by studying patients with focal lesions

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