Unilateral Presidential Policy Making and the Impact of Crises

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Young
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Presidential Policy

Of numbers, narratives and challenges: Data as evidence in 21st century policy-making

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1055
Author(s):  
Gaby Umbach
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Evidence Use ◽  
The Third ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Science Advice ◽  
Governance Tools ◽  
The Impact

This article1 offers reflections on the use of data as evidence in 21st century policy-making. It discusses the concept of evidence-informed policy-making (EIPM) as well as the governance and knowledge effects of data as evidence. With this focus, it interlinks the analysis of statistics and politics. The paper first introduces the concept of EIPM and the impact of evidence use. Here it focusses on science and knowledge as resources in policy-making, on the institutionalisation of science advice and on the translation of information and knowledge into evidence. The second part of the article reflects on data as evidence. This part concentrates on abstract and concrete functions of data as governance tools in policy-making, on data as a robust form of evidence and on the effects of data on knowledge and governance. The third part highlights challenges for data as evidence in policy-making, among them, politicisation, transparency, and diversity as well as objectivity and contestation. Finally, the last part draws conclusions on the production and use of data as evidence in EIPM. Throughout the second part of the reflections, reference is made to Walter Radermacher’s 2019 matrix of actors and activities related to data, facts, and policy published in this journal.

scholarly journals Valuing environmental health for informed policy-making

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Máca ◽  
Jan Melichar ◽  
Milan Ščasný ◽  
Markéta Braun Kohlová
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
External Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Impact Assessments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Monetized environmental health impact assessments help to better evaluate the environmental burden of a wide range of economic activities. Apart from the limitations and uncertainties in physical and biological science used in such assessments, assumptions taken from economic valuation may also substantially influence subsequent policy-making considerations. Aim: This study attempts to demonstrate the impact of normative policy assumptions on quantified external costs using a case study of recently discussed variants of future coal mining and use of extracted coal in electricity and heat generation in the Czech Republic. Methods: A bottom-up impact-pathway approach is used for quantification of external costs. Several policy perspectives are elaborated for aggregating impacts that differ in geographic coverage and in how valuation of quantified impacts is adjusted in a particular perspective. Results: We find that the fraction of monetized external impacts taken into policy-making considerations may vary according to choice of decision perspective up to a factor of 10. Conclusion: At present there are virtually no hard rules for defining geographical boundaries or adjusting values for a summation of monetized environmental impacts. We, however, stress that any rigorous external cost assessment should, for instance in a separate calculation, take account of impacts occurring beyond country borders.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Deliberative Democratic Initiatives at the Local Level: A Framework for Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ank Michels ◽  
Harmen Binnema
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
The Impact

Although deliberative reforms have been proposed to strengthen democracy, little is known about their impact on politics, public policies, and society. This article develops a framework to systematically assess this impact, differentiating between direct and indirect forms of impact. We apply this framework to two cases of deliberative citizens’ summits in the Netherlands. Our analysis reveals that these summits have a limited direct impact on local politics and policy making, but a relatively strong indirect impact on the local community. The article also discusses some conditions that mediate the impact of the forum.

scholarly journals Le Conseil national de sécurité et la politique sud-africaine des États-Unis de 1969 à 1976.

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles David
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Presidential Decisions ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the performance of the U.S. National Security Council as a policy-making body vis-à-vis the southern African conflict under the Nixon and Ford Administrations. It discusses and verifies the hypothesis that the institutionalized System of the NSC gives the President a way of seriously improving his policies, by analyzing (within a structured and formalized framework) the range of options and alternatives, free of negative bureaucratic influences. Furthermore, it shows the impact that the presidential decisions had over the orientation of the southern African conflict from 1969 to 1976.

scholarly journals Comparing Germany and Israel regarding debates on policy-making at the beginning of life: PGD, NIPT and their paths of routinization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviad E. Raz ◽  
Tamar Nov-Klaiman ◽  
Yael Hashiloni-Dolev ◽  
Hannes Foth ◽  
Christina Schües ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Pluralism ◽  
Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Definition The routinization of prenatal diagnosis is the source of bioethical and policy debates regarding choice, autonomy, access, and protection. To understand these debates in the context of cultural diversity and moral pluralism, we compare Israel and Germany, focusing on two recent repro-genetic “hot spots” of such policy-making at the beginning of life: pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and non-invasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT), two cutting-edge repro-genetic technologies that are regulated and viewed very differently in Germany and Israel, reflecting different medicolegal policies as well as public and bioethical considerations. Arguments First, we compare policy-making in the context of PGD for HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing, used to create sibling donors, approved in Israel under specific conditions while prohibited in Germany. Second, we compare policy-making in the context of NIPT, which came under fire in Germany, while in Israel there has been little public debate about it. Conclusion Both countries justify their contrasting policies as reflecting a concern for the well-being and care of the embryo/child, thus highlighting different concepts of embryo/child protection, (relational) autonomy, family relations, and the impact of religion and history on the promotion/protection of life. We use the juxtaposition of PGD and NIPT to highlight some inconsistencies in policies concerning the protection of extra- and intra-corporeal embryos. We conclude by drawing on the comparison to show how national variations exist alongside co-evolution.

scholarly journals Do Women Represent Women? An Analysis of Bills Introduced by Women Members of the National Assembly of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Shehla Gul ◽  
Prof. Dr Naushad Khan ◽  
Nasir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Women In Politics ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

This study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the presence of women in the National Assembly of Pakistan. It analyses the effect of the inclusion of women in the legislative bodies on the policies and laws of the country. With increasing demand and participation of women in politics the question of the impact of women presence in the legislative bodies arises. This study makes an analysis of the bills introduced by women members in the National Assembly and categorizes it under different headings. The study concludes that women members were more interested in resolving issues of women and piloted women related agenda to the floor of the house but this concern does not ensures any substantive change in policy making due to the influence of other variables i.e. method of election on reserved seats for women and party affiliations etc.

scholarly journals Implementation of C4.5 Algorithm for Critical Land Prediction in Agricultural Cultivation Areas in Pemali Jratun Watershed

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Deden Istiawan ◽  
Laelatul Khikmah
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
C4.5 Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

Watershed is a complex system that is built on physical systems, biological systems and human systems that are related to each other. Each component has a distinctive nature and its existence is related to other components so as to form a unified ecosystem. Land use that does not pay attention to the conservation requirements of land and water causes land degradation which ultimately results in critical land. The impact of critical land is not only the withdrawal of soil properties, but also results in a decrease in production functions. Prediction of the critical level of land is needed to reduce the level of damage to the watershed, so that it can be used for policy making by the relevant agencies. In this research C4.5 algorithm will be applied to predictions of critical land in agricultural cultivation areas using critical land parameters. Based on the results of the research on critical land classification of agricultural cultivation areas in the jratun pemali watershed it can be concluded that the C.45 algorithm can be implemented to predict critical land in agricultural cultivation areas with an accuracy rate of 92.47%.

scholarly journals Political control and policy-making uncertainty in executive orders: the implementation of environmental justice policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Provost ◽  
Brian J. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Bureaucratic Responsiveness ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEnvironmental justice (EJ) has represented an important equity challenge in policymaking for decades. President Clinton’s executive order (EO) 12898 in 1994 represented a significant federal action, requiring agencies to account for EJ issues in new rulemakings. We examine the impact of EO 12898 within the larger question of how EO are implemented in complex policymaking. We argue that presidential preferences will affect bureaucratic responsiveness and fire alarm oversight. However, EJ policy complexity produces uncertainty leading to bureaucratic risk aversion, constraining presidential efforts to steer policy. We utilise an original data set of nearly 2,000 final federal agency rules citing EO 12898 and find significant variation in its utilisation across administrations. Uncertainty over the nature of the order has an important influence on bureaucratic responsiveness. Our findings are instructive for the twin influences of political control and policy-making uncertainty and raise useful questions for future EJ and policy implementation research.

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