Genotypic variation of the interactive effects of elevated temperature and CO 2 on leaf gas exchange and early growth of sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Chandrajith De Silva ◽  
H. A. K. N. Nishadi Senarathna ◽  
W. A. Janendra M. De Costa
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects

Effects of prolonged elevated temperature on leaf gas exchange and other leaf traits in young olive trees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Miserere ◽  
M Cecilia Rousseaux ◽  
Edmundo L Ploschuk ◽  
M Magdalena Brizuela ◽  
Matías H Curcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Temperature Level ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Temperature Levels

Abstract Despite the economic importance of long-lived crop species in the Mediterranean Basin and their expansion to new warmer regions, their potential responses to prolonged temperature increases have not been adequately addressed. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess leaf gas exchange responses to prolonged elevated temperature in young olive trees; (ii) evaluate some additional leaf traits such as stomatal density and size under these same conditions; and (iii) determine whether photosynthetic acclimation to temperature was apparent. A field experiment with two temperature levels was conducted using well-irrigated, potted olive trees (cvs. Arbequina, Coratina) grown in open-top chambers during the summer and early fall in two growing seasons. The temperature levels were a near-ambient control (T0) and a heated (T+) treatment (+4 °C). Maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. Stomatal size and density and trichome density were also determined. The Amax, gs and chlorophyll fluorescence were little affected by heating. However, leaf E was higher at T+ than T0 in the summer in both seasons due in large part to the moderate increase in vapor pressure deficit that accompanied heating, and consequently water-use efficiency was reduced in heated leaves. When reciprocal temperature measurements were conducted in mid-summer of the second season, Amax values of T0 and T+ leaves were higher under the temperature level at which they grew than when measured at the other temperature level, which suggests some thermal acclimation. Stomatal size and density were greater in T+ than in T0 grown leaves in some cases, which was consistent with a greater E in T+ leaves when measured at both temperature levels. These results suggest that acclimation to long-term changes in temperature must be carefully considered to help determine how olive trees will be influenced by global warming.

Variation among wheat cultivars in the response of leaf gas exchange to light

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Shift ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Nonlinear Fashion ◽  
High Irradiation

SUMMARYThis research was done in order to explore genetic variation in carbon exchange rate (CER) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves in response to variable photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and to compare old and new Israeli cultivarsin this respect. Leaf gas exchange was measured in detached turgid leaves of 17 cultivars inan open system at 25 °C when PAR was reduced from c. 1200 to 200 μmol/m2 per s. Linear regressions of CER, stomatal conductance, transpirationand leaf internal CO2 concentration (Ci) on log PAR were fitted for each leaf(regression r2 was never <0·79) and the regressions were compared among cultivars by analysis of variance.Genotypes differed significantly for the slope (b) but not the intercept (a) of the regression of CER on log PAR, indicating that genotypic differences for CER increased with increasing PAR. Photosynthetic capacity, as expressed by the ratio of CER/Ci, differed significantly among cultivars only at high PAR. Stomatal conductanceand transpiration increased in a linear or a nonlinear fashion with log PAR and differences among cultivars for both were greatest at medium to low PAR. Photosynthetic water–use efficiency (WUE) and its variation among cultivars were greatest at the highest PAR. Genotypic variation in CER athigh PAR was confirmed by repeated results for 11 cultivars intwo independent experiments.The recently developed high-yielding cultivar V652 had a higher maximum CER, higher photosynthetic capacity and greater WUE at high PAR than older and lower-yielding cultivars. The results suggest an upward genetic shift in photosynthetic capacity andin CER at high PAR when selection for yield was performed under the high-irradiation conditions of Israel.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of biostimulants and water stress on potted Pinot noir grapevines

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Sofia Sbraci ◽  
Linda Salvi ◽  
Francesca Paoli ◽  
Eleonora Cataldo ◽  
Alessandra Zombardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stem Water

Seaweeds extracts (SWE) are innovative and non-polluting tools that have become popular as biostimulants. Their effects on Pinot noir water potential, gas exchanges and fruit quality under drought stress and full irrigation were evaluated during the 2017 growing season. Differential irrigations were applied and Pinot Noir grapevines have been sprayed two times at label doses (3 g/L) during the vegetative growth, with the Ascophyllum nodosum exract, starting from veraison. During the season, measurements of single leaf gas exchange and stem water potential were made; moreover parameters of technological maturity (°Brix, acidity, pH) and phenological one were analyzed. The inhibition of gas exchange and increase of stomatal limitation induced by drought stress were not reduced by SWE where A.nodosum had positive effects on midday stem water potential. Under full irrigation SWE increased leaf gas exchange. No particular effect was observed on the technological parameters after the treatment. The application of the seaweed extract improved polyphenols accumulation in stressed theses, increasing wine grapes quality. A.nodosum can be useful to reduce negative effects of abiotic stress such lack of water and to improve polyphenols content in grapes, especially in genotypes with a limited phenolic profile like Pinot Noir variety.

GENOTYPIC VARIATION IN CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS, LEAF GAS EXCHANGE CHARACTERISTICS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO TAPPING IN RUBBER (HEVEA BRASILIENSIS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. K. L. K. GUNASEKARA ◽  
W. A. J. M. DE COSTA ◽  
E. A. NUGAWELA
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The main objective of this study was to quantify the genotypic variation of photosynthetic and gas exchange parameters of Hevea and to examine their relationships to dry rubber yield and its components. Canopy photosynthesis (Pc) of the genotype RRISL 211 was 20 % greater than that of RRIC 121. This was primarily due to RRISL 211's greater light-saturated leaf photosynthetic rates and a greater leaf area index in the top canopy stratum. Tapping significantly increased Pc in RRISL 211, but not in RRIC 121. The genotypic variation in photosynthetic capacity was not reflected in the overall dry rubber yield, which did not differ between the two genotypes. However, analysis of yield components showed that while RRISL 211 may have preferentially partitioned a greater proportion of its additional assimilates to increasing the latex volume and extending the root system, RRIC 121 partitioned more assimilates to increasing its dry rubber content through greater biosynthesis of rubber. The higher plugging index and the greater post-tapping girth increment of RRIC 121 were probably responsible for observed increases in its dark respiration following tapping. Although RRISL 211 had a greater transpiration efficiency, this did not provide a yield advantage as the trees were growing in an environment with adequate rainfall throughout the year.

scholarly journals Effect of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus on Physiological Processes and Yield of Individual Cotton Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ved Parkash ◽  
Divya Bhanu Sharma ◽  
John Snider ◽  
Sudeep Bag ◽  
Phillip Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus

Cotton leafroll dwarf disease (CLRDD) caused by cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging threat to cotton production in the United States. The disease was first reported in Alabama in 2017 and subsequently has been reported in 10 other cotton producing states in the United States, including Georgia. A field study was conducted at field sites near Tifton, Georgia in 2019 and 2020 to evaluate leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature responses for a symptomatic cultivar (diseased plants observed at regular frequency) at multiple stages of disease progression and for asymptomatic cultivars (0% disease incidence observed). Disease-induced reductions in net photosynthetic rate (An, decreased by 63–101%), stomatal conductance (gs, decreased by 65–99%), and efficiency of the thylakoid reactions (32–92% decline in primary photochemistry) were observed, whereas leaf temperature significantly increased by 0.5–3.8°C at advanced stages of the disease. Net photosynthesis was substantially more sensitive to disease-induced declines in gs than the thylakoid reactions. Symptomatic plants with more advanced disease stages remained stunted throughout the growing season, and yield was reduced by 99% by CLRDD due to reductions in boll number per plant and declines in boll mass resulting from fewer seeds per boll. Asymptomatic cultivars exhibited more conservative gas exchange responses than apparently healthy plants of the symptomatic cultivar but were less productive. Overall, it is concluded that CLRDV limits stomatal conductance and photosynthetic activity of individual leaves, causing substantial declines in productivity for individual plants. Future studies should evaluate the physiological contributors to genotypic variation in disease tolerance under controlled conditions.

Genotypic variation for drought tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.): Leaf gas exchange and productivity

Flora ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Mehboob-ur-Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Yusuf Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document