Leaf density and chemical composition explain variation in leaf mass area with spectral composition among 11 widespread forbs in a common garden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing‐Wei Wang ◽  
Chenggang Liu ◽  
Thomas Matthew Robson ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Hiroko Kurokawa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Leaf Density

scholarly journals Seasonal leaf dimorphism in Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. (Rosaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremi Kołodziejek ◽  
Sława Glińska ◽  
Sylwia Michlewska
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Seasonal Dimorphism ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Dissection Index

AbstractA pattern of seasonal changes in the morphological and anatomical leaf traits is reported for Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. of temperate-climate areas in central Poland. Leaf area, perimeter, dry mass and lamina thickness were measured in summer and autumn leaves of the same individuals. Dissection index, density and specific leaf area were calculated. Significant differences were obtained between summer and autumn leaves obtained from the same individuals. The shapes of leaves of the P. argentea plants varied in the extent of incisions between teeth and the number of teeth on the margins. Fully expanded autumn leaves were larger in weight and area than summer leaves. The autumn leaves had lower leaf mass area and density than the summer leaves. Leaves were covered by considerably more trichomes in summer than in autumn. Anatomical leaf structure also changed with the season. The summer leaves were thick, with a lower number of chloroplasts in the cells of the compact mesophyll. Autumn leaves are thinner, with loose mesophyll. Chloroplasts from the two seasonal types of leaves differ on account of starch grain and plastoglobule content. The large variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confirm great differences in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. Seasonal dimorphism of leaves may result from seasonal drought or from seasonality in leaf production, leaf fall or incoming solar radiation. Within this new context of seasonal leaf dimorphism, P. argentea can still be distinguished by the absence of deeply divided leaflets on late-formed leaves. The results confirmed the presence of several morpho- anatomical leaf traits of P. argentea that allow the species to adapt to environmental seasonal conditions.

Leaf mass area determines water use efficiency through its influence on carbon gain in rice mutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sowmya Handenahally Reddy ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singhal ◽  
Maria Vera Jesus DaCosta ◽  
Sumanth Kumar Kambalimath ◽  
Mavinahalli P Rajanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Use Efficiency

scholarly journals Leaf density explains variation in leaf mass per area in rice between cultivars and nitrogen treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongliang Xiong ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xi Liu ◽  
Shaobing Peng ◽  
Jianliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Needle Epicuticular Wax Characteristics in Pinus Pinceana Seedlings

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 210-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ramirez-Herrera ◽  
K. E. Percy ◽  
J. A. Loo ◽  
L. D. Yeates ◽  
J. Vargas-Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Secondary Alcohols ◽  
Local Environments

Abstract Seedlings from each of 12 Pinus pinceana populations from throughout the species’ range in Mexico were evaluated in a common-garden test to (1) determine the level of genetic variation and genetic structure of epicuticular needle wax quantity, (2) examine differences in wax chemical composition, and (3) seek evidence for an adaptive response in wax composition and quantity across environmental and geographic gradients. Regions and populations within regions showed high variation (38.2% and 10.5%, respectively, of the total variation) in wax quantity. Epicuticular wax recovered from primary needles of P. pinceana comprised eight classes. Secondary alcohols (71.7%) were the major homologs identified by gas chromatography. Seedlings from the northern region were separated based on wax composition from seedlings from the central and southern regions by canonical discriminant analysis. A strong differentiation among regions (QSTR=0.571) and populations within regions (QSTP(R)=0.384) was observed for wax quantity. Data on wax quantity and chemical composition indicate that physicochemical characteristics of epicuticular wax may show adaptation of P. pinceana to local environments.

scholarly journals Effects of Increased N Deposition on Leaf Functional Traits of Four Contrasting Tree Species in Northeast China

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Attaullah Khan ◽  
Jingjue Sun ◽  
Nowsherwan Zarif ◽  
Kashif Khan ◽  
Muhammad Atif Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Leaf Density

Northeast China is persistently affected by heavy nitrogen (N) deposition. Studying the induced variation in leaf traits is pivotal to develop an understanding of the adaptive plasticity of affected species. This study thus assesses effects of increased N deposition on leaf morphological and anatomical traits and their correlation among and with biomass allocation patterns. A factorial experiment was conducted utilizing seedlings of two gymnosperms (Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis) and two angiosperms (Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis). Leaf mass per area and leaf density decreased and leaf thickness increased under high N deposition but trait interrelations remained stable. In gymnosperms, leaf mass per area was correlated to both leaf thickness and area, while being correlated to leaf density only in angiosperms. Epidermis, mesophyll thickness, conduit and vascular bundle diameter increased. Despite the differences in taxonomic groups and leaf habits, the common patterns of variation suggest that a certain degree of convergence exists between the species’ reaction towards N deposition. However, stomata pore length increased in angiosperms, and decreased in gymnosperms under N deposition. Furthermore, biomass and leaf mass fraction were correlated to leaf traits in gymnosperms only, suggesting a differential coordination of leaf traits and biomass allocation patterns under high N deposition per taxonomic group.

Photosynthetic Performance of Invasive Vincetoxicum Species (Apocynaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Averill ◽  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow ◽  
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
High Light ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Wide Range

Knowledge of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for fully understanding a species’ invasive potential and for the development of appropriate control strategies. Although growth and reproductive data are available for the invasive swallowwort vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum, photosynthetic data are wanting. These herbaceous, perennial congeners were introduced from separate European ranges during the late 19th century and became invasive during the following century in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Vincetoxicum nigrum has been observed growing mainly in high light environments, whereas V. rossicum occurs across a wide range of light environments, suggesting niche divergence and that different management strategies might be needed for the two species. In this work, we investigated whether the differing habitat associations of these species is reflected in their photosynthetic capacities and leaf morphology. Photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf mass were determined across a range of light environments represented by four field habitats (common garden, forest edge, old field, and forest understory) and two greenhouse environments (high and low light). In the high-light common garden habitat, V. nigrum achieved 37% higher maximum photosynthetic rates than V. rossicum, but photosynthetic performance of the two species was the same in the forest edge habitat. Additionally, species’ performance was virtually identical in high light, low light, and transitions between high and low light regimes in the greenhouse. Specific leaf mass of V. nigrum was 17% higher in the common garden and 19% higher in the greenhouse compared with V. rossicum. Both invasive Vincetoxicum spp. appear capable of growing within a broad range of light environments and their management should be similar regardless of light environment. Other explanations are required to explain the scarcity of V. nigrum in low light natural areas.

scholarly journals Divergent Leaf Morpho-Physiological and Anatomical Adaptations of Four Lettuce Cultivars in Response to Different Greenhouse Irradiance Levels in Early Summer Season

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Luigi Formisano ◽  
Michele Ciriello ◽  
Valerio Cirillo ◽  
Antonio Pannico ◽  
Christophe El-Nakhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a winter-spring leafy vegetable, but the high demand for fresh products available year-round requires off-season production. However, the warm climate of the Mediterranean areas can impair the summer production of lettuce, thus requiring the adoption of genotypes tolerant to high irradiance as well as useful agronomic strategies like shading net installations. The aim of our research was to assess the leaf morpho-physiological and anatomical changes, in addition to productive responses, of four lettuce cultivars (‘Ballerina’, ‘Maravilla De Verano Canasta’, ‘Opalix‘, and ‘Integral’) grown under shading and non-shading conditions to unveil the adaptive mechanisms of this crop in response to sub-optimal microclimate (high irradiance and temperature) in a protected environment. Growth and yield parameters, leaf gas exchanges, chlorophyll fluorescence and morpho-anatomical leaf traits (i.e., leaf mass area, stomatal density and epidermal cell density) were determined. Under shading conditions, the fresh yields of the cultivars ‘Ballerina’, ‘Opalix’ (‘Oak leaf’) and ‘Integral’ (‘Romaine’) increased by 16.0%, 26.9% and 13.2% respectively, compared to non-shading conditions while both abaxial and adaxial stomatal density decreased. In contrast, ‘Canasta’ under non-shading conditions increased fresh yield, dry biomass and instantaneous water use efficiency by 9.6%, 18.0% and 15.7%, respectively, while reduced abaxial stomatal density by 30.4%, compared to shading conditions. Regardless of cultivar, the unshaded treatment increased the leaf mass area by 19.5%. Even though high light intensity and high temperature are critical limiting factors for summer lettuce cultivation in a protected environment, ‘Canasta’ showed the most effective adaptive mechanisms and had the best production performance under sub-optimal microclimatic conditions. However, greenhouse coverage with a white shading net (49% screening) proved to be a suitable agricultural practice that ensured an adequate microclimate for the off-season growth of more sensitive cultivars ‘Ballerina’, ‘Oak leaf’ and ‘Romaine’.

scholarly journals Similar irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits in saplings of 12 tropical rainforest tree species with highly different leaf masstoarea ratio

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Coste ◽  
Jean-Christophe Roggy ◽  
Gregory Sonnier ◽  
Erwin Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Relative Distance ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass Area

Leaf traits of tropical tree species display an important inter-specific diversity, as detected for instance in the large range of values of leaf mass : area ratio (LMA). They also demonstrate a large irradiance-elicited plasticity, but there is still debate whether this plasticity differs among species. To address this question, leaf traits were recorded on saplings from 12 rainforest tree species in French Guiana, grown under approximately 5, 10 and 20% relative irradiance. Fifteen structural and physiological leaf traits related to photosynthesis were measured. The irradiance-elicited plasticity was quantified using a relative distance plasticity index. A large inter-specific diversity was detected for all leaf traits. A principal component analysis opposed species with a large mass-based photosynthesis, respiration, N content and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, to species with a large leaf mass : area ratio, LMA. The two pioneer species used in this study displayed the largest photosynthetic capacity (and lowest LMA) and ranked at one end of the species continuum. Relative irradiance affected almost all traits with the exception of mass-based photosynthesis. A weak interaction was found between species and relative irradiance and the species ranking was maintained among relative irradiance treatments for the majority of the traits. A principal component analysis of the values of relative-distance plasticity index failed to reveal any consistent patterns of traits or species. We concluded that irradiance-elicited plasticity of leaf traits was similar among species irrespective of LMA and successional status, despite the occurrence of a large inter-specific diversity for the investigated traits.

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