Cellulose accumulation in the secondary cell walls is negatively correlated with the tenderness of new shoots in Camellia sinensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenlu Zhang ◽  
Xiuxiu Zhao ◽  
Zhengqun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqin Huang ◽  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

Caffeoyl Shikimate Esterase (CSE) Is an Enzyme in the Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway in Arabidopsis

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1103-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Vanholme ◽  
Igor Cesarino ◽  
Katarzyna Rataj ◽  
Yuguo Xiao ◽  
Lisa Sundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Phenolic Metabolite ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Lignin Biosynthetic Pathway

Lignin is a major component of plant secondary cell walls. Here we describe caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme central to the lignin biosynthetic pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana cse mutants deposit less lignin than do wild-type plants, and the remaining lignin is enriched in p-hydroxyphenyl units. Phenolic metabolite profiling identified accumulation of the lignin pathway intermediate caffeoyl shikimate in cse mutants as compared to caffeoyl shikimate levels in the wild type, suggesting caffeoyl shikimate as a substrate for CSE. Accordingly, recombinant CSE hydrolyzed caffeoyl shikimate into caffeate. Associated with the changes in lignin, the conversion of cellulose to glucose in cse mutants increased up to fourfold as compared to that in the wild type upon saccharification without pretreatment. Collectively, these data necessitate the revision of currently accepted models of the lignin biosynthetic pathway.

scholarly journals Secondary Cell Walls at a Scarious Floral Leaf in Several Plant Species Including Helichrysum bracteatum

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Ito ◽  
Kuniko Nishikawa ◽  
Tatsuya Awano ◽  
Munetaka Hosokawa ◽  
Susumu Yazawa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Helichrysum Bracteatum

scholarly journals Characterization of .ALPHA.-L-arabinofuranosidase related to the secondary cell walls formation in Arabidopsis thaliana

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitomi Ichinose ◽  
Nobuyuki Nishikubo ◽  
Taku Demura ◽  
Satoshi Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

Identification and partial characterization of proteins and proteoglycans encrusting the secondary cell walls of flax fibres

Planta ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raynald Girault ◽  
Isabelle His ◽  
Christine Andeme-Onzighi ◽  
Azeddine Driouich ◽  
Claudine Morvan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Flax Fibres ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

scholarly journals The Class II KNOX genes KNAT3 and KNAT7 work cooperatively to influence deposition of secondary cell walls that provide mechanical support to Arabidopsis stems

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumin Wang ◽  
Masatoshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Etienne Grienenberger ◽  
Patrick T. Martone ◽  
A. Lacey Samuels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Knox Genes ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

Grass secondary cell walls, Brachypodium distachyon as a model for discovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 (6) ◽  
pp. 1649-1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua H. Coomey ◽  
Richard Sibout ◽  
Samuel P. Hazen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

Brittle stalk 2 encodes a putative glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that affects mechanical strength of maize tissues by altering the composition and structure of secondary cell walls

Planta ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 224 (5) ◽  
pp. 1174-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada Ching ◽  
Kanwarpal S. Dhugga ◽  
Laura Appenzeller ◽  
Robert Meeley ◽  
Timothy M. Bourett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

scholarly journals Distribution, mobility, and anchoring of lignin-related oxidative enzymes in Arabidopsis secondary cell walls

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1849-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Yi Chou ◽  
Mathias Schuetz ◽  
Natalie Hoffmann ◽  
Yoichiro Watanabe ◽  
Richard Sibout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls

Lignification of spruce tracheid secondary cell walls related to longitudinal hardness and modulus of elasticity using nano-indentation

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1029-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gindl ◽  
H S Gupta ◽  
C Grünwald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Secondary Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Development ◽  
The One

The lignin content and the mechanical properties of lignifying and fully lignified spruce tracheid secondary cell walls were determined using UV microscopy and nano-indentation, respectively. The average lignin content of developing tracheids was 0.10 g·g–1, as compared with 0.21 g·g–1 in mature tracheids. The modulus of elasticity of developing cells was on average 22% lower than the one measured in mature, fully lignified cells. For the longitudinal hardness, a larger difference of 26% was observed. As lignifying cells in the cambial zone are undergoing cell wall development, spaces in the cellulose–hemicellulose structure are filled with lignin and the density of the cell wall is believed to increase. It is therefore suggested that the observed difference in modulus of elasticity between developing and fully lignified cell walls is due to the filling of spaces with lignin and an increase of the packing density of the cell wall during lignification. Although remarkably less stiff than the composite polysaccharide structure in the secondary cell wall, lignin may be considered equally hard. Therefore, the observed increase in lignin content may contribute directly to the measured increase of hardness.Key words: secondary cell wall, hardness, lignin, modulus of elasticity, wood formation.

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