Dew absorption by leaf trichomes in Caragana korshinskii : An alternative water acquisition strategy for withstanding drought in arid environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
Zheng‐Fei Nie ◽  
Guang‐Qian Yao ◽  
Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Yun Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Environments ◽  
Leaf Trichomes ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii ◽  
Acquisition Strategy ◽  
Alternative Water

scholarly journals Leaf trichomes in Metrosideros polymorpha can contribute to avoiding extra water stress by impeding gall formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Gaku Amada ◽  
Keito Kobayashi ◽  
Ayako Izuno ◽  
Mana Mukai ◽  
Rebecca Ostertag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Metrosideros Polymorpha ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Leaf Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Trichomes ◽  
Cone Type ◽  
Flat Type

Abstract Background and Aims Plants inhabiting arid environments tend to have leaf trichomes, but their adaptive significance remains unclear. Leaf trichomes are known to play a role in plant defence against herbivores, including gall makers. Because gall formation can increase water loss partly through increased surface area, we tested the novel hypothesis that leaf trichomes could contribute to avoiding extra water stress by impeding gall formation, which would have adaptive advantages in arid environments. Methods We focused on Metrosideros polymorpha, an endemic tree species in the Hawaiian Islands, whose leaves often suffer from galls formed by specialist insects, Hawaiian psyllids (Pariaconus spp.). There is large variation in the amount of leaf trichomes (0–40 % of leaf mass) in M. polymorpha. Three gall types are found on the island of Hawaii: the largest is the ‘cone’ type, followed by ‘flat’ and ‘pit’ types. We conducted laboratory experiments to quantify the extent to which gall formation is associated with leaf water relations. We also conducted a field census of 1779 individuals from 48 populations across the entire range of habitats of M. polymorpha on the island of Hawaii to evaluate associations between gall formation (presence and abundance) and the amount of leaf trichomes. Key Results Our laboratory experiment showed that leaf minimum conductance was significantly higher in leaves with a greater number of cone- or flat-type galls but not pit-type galls. Our field census suggested that the amount of trichomes was negatively associated with probabilities of the presence of cone- or flat-type galls but not pit-type galls, irrespective of environmental factors. Conclusion Our results suggest that leaf trichomes in M. polymorpha can contribute to the avoidance of extra water stress through interactions with some gall-making species, and potentially increase the fitness of plants under arid conditions.

scholarly journals Water Use Strategies of Dominant Species (Caragana korshinskii and Reaumuria soongorica) in Natural Shrubs Based on Stable Isotopes in the Loess Hill, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Deye Qu ◽  
Wenguang Duan ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Lanzhou City ◽  
Caragana Korshinskii ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Main Regulator

Water is a key and limiting factor for ecosystem processes (carbon dioxide fixation, vegetation growth, respiration, etc.) and functions (NPP, Net Primary Productivity) in arid and semi-arid areas. As the main regulator, knowledge of plant water use patterns is essential in understanding the SPAC (Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Continuum) cycle. The tree-planting project in the southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city aims to improve the ecological environment and promote urban construction. In this study, we analyzed the water use strategies of the dominant plants C. korshinskii and R. soongorica in natural shrubs of southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city using oxygen stable isotope techniques. The result showed that the flexible water uptake pattern of C. korshinskii and its faster response to precipitation pulse, compared with R. soongorica, might help it to make full use of water and nutrients and adapt to the dry environment. However, R. soongorica progressively switched to suck up deeper soil water and increased the water use proportion from 0.5% to 84.4% as the seasons changed, indicating a greater degree of ecological plasticity. The flexible water use strategies of C. korshinskii and R. soongorica in the same habitat reduced competition for water and nutrients and enhanced adaptability to arid environments. The work presented here provides insights into vegetation restoration and ecological management for the southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou city.

ACTION ON MATTER: THE HISTORY OF THE UNIQUELY AFRICAN TAMPER AND CONCAVE ANVIL POT-FORMING TECHNIQUE

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Sterner ◽  
Nicholas David
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Diffusion

The publication, largely by ethnoarchaeologists, of new data on the tamper and concave anvil technique of pot-forming (TCA) permits a reassessment of this uniquely African technique, its toolkit, and its culture history. A survey, inspired by the technologie culturelle school, of its varied expressions in the southern Saharan, Sahelian and northern Sudan zones from Mali to Sudan and extending north into Egypt emphasises the potential of the technique for the efficient production of spherical water jars of high volume to weight ratio, much appreciated in arid environments. The technique is demanding and therefore practised for the most part by specialists. The origins and diffusion of the technique are assessed in the light of the ethnological, archaeological, linguistic, and historical evidence, and a four stage historical development is sketched.

Acquisition Strategy Guide, Fourth Edition

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. McDaniel ◽  
C. R. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Acquisition Strategy
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