Melatonin improves the seed filling rate and endogenous hormonal mechanism in grains of summer maize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Xunbo Zhou ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filling Rate ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism

scholarly journals Effects of winter wheat season tillage on soil properties and yield of summer maize  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Yunqi ◽  
Zhang Yinghua ◽  
Wang Zhimin ◽  
Tao Hongbin ◽  
Zhou Shunli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

The North China Plain (NCP) serves as China’s second most important maize production region. Rotary tillage, a popular method used in winter wheat/summer maize systems in the region, has adverse effects on maize production. The current study was conducted to determine whether rotary tillage after subsoiling in the winter wheat season (RS) improves the grain-filling rate and yield of summer maize by decreasing soil bulk density, when compared with rotary tillage (R), in the NCP. The RS treatment decreased soil bulk density and increased soil moisture in the summer maize season when compared with the R treatment. Root number under the RS treatment at 8 collar and silking stages was 22.4−35.3% and 8.0−11.7% greater than under the R treatment, respectively. The RS treatment significantly enhanced the grain-filling rate and grain weight as compared to the R treatment. Yield, thousand grain weight, biomass, and harvest index under the RS treatment were 7.7, 7.2, 2.3 and 5.3% higher than under the R treatment. Thousands grain weight was correlated with soil bulk density and soil moisture after silking. Consequently, the increase in grain weight and yield of summer maize resulted from the decrease in soil bulk density and a consequent increase in soil moisture, root number and grain-filling rate.  

scholarly journals Impact of epistasis and QTL×environmental interaction on the mass filling rate during seed development of soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENFENG JIANG ◽  
YINGPENG HAN ◽  
WEILI TENG ◽  
YONGGUANG LI ◽  
XUE ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Initial Stage

SummarySeed filling rate of soybean has been shown to be a dynamic process in different developmental stages affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to determine additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTLs)×environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL underlying a seed filling rate of soybean. One hundred and forty-three recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used with 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). Eleven QTLs with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive×environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified. Of them six QTLs showed positive a effects and four QTLs had negative a effects on the seed filling rate during seed development. aa and aae effects of 12 pairs of QTLs were identified by unconditional mapping from the initial stage to the final stage. Thirteen pairs of QTLs underlying the seed filling rate with aa and aae effects were identified by conditional mapping. QTLs with aa and aae (additive×additive×environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that the mass filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic and environmental control.

Endogenous hormones in seed, leaf, and pod wall and their relationship to seed filling in soybeans

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Xiao-bing Liu ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Jian Jin ◽  
S. J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Genetic Trait ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

In order to investigate the possible relationship between endogenous hormones and seed filling in soybeans, concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinins (ZR) in seed, leaf, and pod wall were determined during seed filling of 3 soybean cultivars differing in seed size and quality. All cultivars were grown at 3 densities. The large-seeded cultivar had a strong and greater ability to accumulate photosynthate during seed filling. The genetic trait of seed size was fully expressed at low density. The large-seeded cultivar had a much higher ABA concentration in seed than the moderate and small-seeded cultivars before physiological maturity. ABA concentration in the large-seeded cultivar seed was 40% greater than that of the small-seeded cultivar at 30 days after flowering. Higher densities increased ABA concentrations in seeds. Two peaks of seed GA3 concentration were observed during seed filling. GA3 concentrations at all densities were similar. The peaks of IAA concentration in the 3 cultivars uniformly occurred at 50 days after flowering. The large-seeded cultivar had greater peak concentrations of GA3 and IAA in seed than the other cultivars, while the peak concentration of ZR was highest in the small-seeded cultivar. The concentrations of ABA in leaf increased with time while that of GA3 decreased. The large-seeded cultivar had higher ABA and IAA concentration in leaf while the small-seeded cultivar consistently had higher GA3 concentration in leaf. ZR was present in a smaller amount in the leaf, and was not detected in the pod wall. The large-seeded cultivar maintained higher IAA concentration in pod wall. ABA concentration in seed was positively correlated with seed-filling rate (P < 0.01, r = 0.85**, 0.92**, and 0.83** for large-, moderate- and small-seeded cultivars respectively).The concentration of GA3 in seed was significantly correlated with the seed-filling rate in large- and moderate-seeded cultivars (P < 0.01, r = 0.87**; P < 0.05, r = 0.63*), and no correlation was found for the small-seeded cultivar. There was no correlation between the concentrations of seed IAA, ZR, and seed-filling rate. There was a parallel relationship between seed growth and leaf/pod wall ABA concentration. Thus, ABA might offer a driving force for photosynthate phloem unloading in the seed coat. Lower concentration of ABA and GA3 in the leaf than in seed suggests that most of the two hormones is transported to seed. The mechanism of IAA in seed growth and GA3 concentration and its dynamic in seed quality need further investigation.

scholarly journals Seed filling determines seed vigour of superior and inferior spikelets during hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) seed production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Qiyuan Tang ◽  
Wenwei Mo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Inferior Spikelets ◽  
Filling Characteristics

Growth and development of spikelets are asynchronous during hybrid rice seed production. However, knowledge is limited about the variation in seed vigour between superior and inferior spikelets. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in seed vigour between superior and inferior spikelets of hybrid rice, and to explore the mechanisms associated with such variations with regards to seed filling characteristics and starch accumulation. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018, and seed vigour parameters, seed filling characteristics and starch accumulation were determined. We found that significant differences were recorded in seed vigour parameters between superior and inferior spikelets. Germination percentage (GP) and vigour index (VI) of superior spikelets were higher than that of inferior spikelets, irrespective of year or variety. Moreover, significant differences were observed in seed filling characteristics and starch accumulation between superior and inferior spikelets. Lower total starch content, amylose content and amylopectin content were recorded in inferior spikelets with low seed filling rate and long seed filling duration. Superior spikelets with high seed filling rate and short seed filling duration increased final seed weight by 23.9 and 22.3% for each variety, respectively. Therefore, these results raise the possibility that seed filling influences the starch accumulation and seed weight, and is closely associated with differences in the vigour of seeds from superior and inferior spikelets during hybrid rice seed production.

Beurteilung der Adriamycin-Kardiotoxizität mittels der Äquilibrium-Radionuklid-Ventrikulographie

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Knesewitsch ◽  
N. H. Göldel ◽  
S. Fritsch ◽  
E. Moser
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Filling Rate ◽  
Base System ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Ejection Rate ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Pathologic Findings ◽  
Peak Ejection Rate

Results of 606 equilibrium radionuclide ventriculographies (ERNV) performed in 348 non-selected patients receiving Adriamycin (ADM) therapy were stored in a data base system. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a potential cardiotoxic therapy on left ventricular pump function. Increasing ADM doses yielded a significant (p <0.05) decrease of the resting ejection fraction (R-gEF), the peak ejection rate and the peak filling rate. Enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes increased significantly. Stroke volume, heart rate and time to peak filling rate did not change significantly. 368 follow-up studies were performed in 128 patients: 65/128 patients presented a decrease of R-gEF, but only in 45 of these patients R-gEF values fell into the pathologic range. In 44 of these follow-ups, R-gEF remained unchanged. In 19 patients, a R-gEF increase was observed. At the beginning of ADM therapy 14% of the patients had subnormal R-gEF values. With increasing ADM doses pathologic findings increased to 86% in patients with ADM doses higher than 500 mg/m2.

Hormonal Mechanism of Energy Supply of the Fish Adaptation to the Inorganic Nitrogen Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
V. D. Romanenko ◽  
A. S. Potrokhov ◽  
O. G. Zin'kovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism

Suitable Maturity Period and Accumulated Temperature of Summer Maize in Wheat-maize Double Cropping System

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Bai-Zhao REN ◽  
Fei GAO ◽  
Yu-Jun WEI ◽  
Shu-Ting DONG ◽  
Bin ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping System ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Accumulated Temperature

Effect of Cutting Roots Vertically at a Place with Different Horizontal Distance from Plant on Yield and Grain Storage Capacity of Summer Maize

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-He XU ◽  
Ming-Lei LIANG ◽  
Du-Xu LU ◽  
Mei LIU ◽  
Peng LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Grain Storage ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Summer Maize

Grain Dehydration Types and Establishment of Mechanical Grain Harvesting Time for Summer Maize in the Yellow-Huai-Hai Rivers Plain

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu LI ◽  
Bo MING ◽  
Rui-Zhi XIE ◽  
Ke-Ru WANG ◽  
Peng HOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Maize ◽  
Harvesting Time

Effects of Grain Moisture Content on Mechanical Grain Harvesting Quality of Summer Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu LI ◽  
Jun XUE ◽  
Rui-Zhi XIE ◽  
Ke-Ru WANG ◽  
Bo MING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Grain Moisture
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