Increased Risk of ADHD at Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals in a National Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely Cheslack‐Postava ◽  
Andre Sourander ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Elina Jokiranta‐Olkoniemi ◽  
Ian W. McKeague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interpregnancy Intervals

Methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms: findings from a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
Rebecca McKetin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk

Abstract Background This study examined the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in a New Zealand general population birth cohort (n = 1265 at birth). Methods At age 18, 21, 25, 30, and 35, participants reported on their methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in the period since the previous interview. Generalized estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms (percentage reporting any symptom, and number of symptoms per participant). Confounding factors included childhood individual characteristics, family socioeconomic circumstances and family functioning. Long term effects of methamphetamine use on psychotic symptoms were assessed by comparing the incidence of psychotic symptoms at age 30–35 for those with and without a history of methamphetamine use prior to age 30. Results After adjusting for confounding factors and time-varying covariate factors including concurrent cannabis use, methamphetamine use was associated with a modest increase in psychosis risk over five waves of data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.72 for the percentage measure; and IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.50 for the symptom count measure). The increased risk of psychotic symptoms was concentrated among participants who had used at least weekly at any point (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.21–6.69). Use of methamphetamine less than weekly was not associated with increased psychosis risk. We found no evidence for a persistent vulnerability to psychosis in the absence of continuing methamphetamine use. Conclusion Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Increased risk is chiefly confined to people who ever used regularly (at least weekly), and recently.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease in people born to unmarried mothers in two historical periods: The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study 1934–1944

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110197
Author(s):  
H. Maiju Mikkonen ◽  
Minna K. Salonen ◽  
Antti Häkkinen ◽  
Clive Osmond ◽  
Johan G. Eriksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
World War ◽  
Unmarried Mothers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Married Mothers ◽  
Historical Periods

Aims:Socio-economic conditions in early life are important contributors to cardiovascular disease – the leading cause of mortality globally – in later life. We studied coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in adulthood among people born out of wedlock in two historical periods: before and during World War II in Finland. Methods: We compared offspring born out of wedlock before (1934–1939) and during (1940–1944) World War II with the offspring of married mothers in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. The war affected the position of unmarried mothers in society. We followed the study subjects from 1971 to 2014 and identified deaths and hospital admissions from CHD and stroke. Data were analysed using a Cox regression, adjusting for other childhood and adulthood socio-economic circumstances. Results: The rate of out-of-wedlock births was 240/4052 (5.9%) before World War II and 397/9197 (4.3%) during World War II. Among those born before World War II, out-of-wedlock birth was associated with an increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR)=1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.07) and CHD (HR=1.37; 95% CI 1.02–1.86). Among those born out of wedlock during World War II, the risks of stroke (HR=0.89; 95% CI 0.58–1.36) and CHD (HR=0.70; 95% CI 0.48=1.03) were similar to those observed for the offspring of married mothers. The p-values for interaction of unmarried×World War II were ( p=0.015) for stroke and ( p=0.003) for CHD. Conclusions: In a society in which marriage is normative, being born out of wedlock is an important predictor of lifelong health disadvantage. However, this may change rapidly when societal circumstances change, such as during a war.

Association between Polygenic Risk Scores for ADHD and Asthma: A Birth Cohort Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472110201
Author(s):  
Douglas Teixeira Leffa ◽  
Bernardo Horta ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
Ana M. B. Menezes ◽  
Thais Martins-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Asthma Diagnosis ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Shared Genetic

Objective: Shared genetic mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the comorbidity between ADHD and asthma. To evaluate their genetic overlap, we relied on data from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort to test the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for ADHD (ADHD-PRSs) and asthma, and PRSs for asthma (asthma-PRSs) and ADHD. Method: We analyzed data collected at birth, 2, 22, and 30 years from 3,574 individuals. Results: Subjects with ADHD had increased risk of having asthma (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.01–3.66). The association was stronger for females. Our results showed no evidence of association between ADHD-PRSs and asthma or asthma-PRSs and ADHD. However, an exploratory analysis suggested that adult ADHD might be genetically associated with asthma. Conclusion: Our results do not support a shared genetic background between both conditions. Findings should be viewed in light of important limitations, particularly the sample size and the self-reported asthma diagnosis. Studies in larger datasets are required to better explore the genetic overlap between adult ADHD and asthma.

scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Being born small-for-gestational-age is associated with an unfavourable dietary intake in Danish adolescent girls: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
F. B. Kampmann ◽  
L. G. Grunnet ◽  
T. I. Halldorsson ◽  
A. A. Bjerregaard ◽  
C. Granstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Danish National Birth Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractIndividuals born small have an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Altered food preferences in these subjects seem to play a role; however, limited evidence is available on the association between being born small-for-gestational-age (SGA) at term and food intake in adolescence. Alterations in leptin, ghrelin and dopamine levels are suggested mechanisms linking SGA with later food intake. From a large prospective Danish National Birth Cohort, we compared dietary intake of adolescents being born SGA with normal-for-gestational-age (NGA) adolescents. Intake of foods and nutrients was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a subsample of 15,607 14-year-old individuals born at term. SGA was defined by birth weight (BW) <10th percentile (n = 1470) and NGA as BW between 10 and 90th percentile (n = 14,137) according to sex and gestational age-specific BW standard curves. Girls born SGA had a 7% (95% CI: 3–12%, P = 0.002) higher intake of added sugar and a 2–8% lower intake of dietary fibre, vegetables, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and total n−6, compared with NGA girls (P < 0.05). Adjusting for parental socio-occupational status, maternal smoking and diet in pregnancy did not substantially change the differences in dietary intake, except from dietary fibre, which were no longer statistically significant. No significant differences in dietary intake between SGA and NGA boys were found. In summary, girls born SGA had an unfavourable dietary intake compared with NGA girls. These differences persisted after controlling for potential confounders, thus supporting a fetal programming effect on dietary intake in girls born SGA at term. However, residual confounding by other factors operating early in childhood cannot be excluded.

scholarly journals Investigating whether adverse prenatal and perinatal events are associated with non-clinical psychotic symptoms at age 12 years in the ALSPAC birth cohort

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1457-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zammit ◽  
D. Odd ◽  
J. Horwood ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
K. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Clinical Disorders

BackgroundNon-clinical psychosis-like symptoms (PLIKS) occur in about 15% of the population. It is not clear whether adverse events during early development alter the risk of developing PLIKS. We aimed to examine whether maternal infection, diabetes or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, gestational age, perinatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation or 5-min Apgar score were associated with development of psychotic symptoms during early adolescence.MethodA longitudinal study of 6356 12-year-old adolescents who completed a semi-structured interview for psychotic symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. Prenatal and perinatal data were obtained from obstetric records and maternal questionnaires completed during pregnancy.ResultsThe presence of definite psychotic symptoms was associated with maternal infection during pregnancy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.86, p=0.006], maternal diabetes (adjusted OR 3.43, 95% CI 1.14–10.36, p=0.029), need for resuscitation (adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.97–2.31, p=0.065) and 5-min Apgar score (adjusted OR per unit decrease 1.30, 95% CI 1.12–1.50, p<0.001). None of these associations were mediated by childhood IQ score. Most associations persisted, but were less strong, when including suspected symptoms as part of the outcome. There was no association between PLIKS and gestational age or pre-eclampsia.ConclusionsAdverse events during early development may lead to an increased risk of developing PLIKS. Although the status of PLIKS in relation to clinical disorders such as schizophrenia is not clear, the similarity between these results and findings reported for schizophrenia indicates that future studies of PLIKS may help us to understand how psychotic experiences and clinical disorders develop throughout the life-course.

scholarly journals Impact of Cleft lip and Palate on Mother-to-Infant Bonding: a Cross-Sectional Study in the Japan Environment and Children's Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Tsuchiya ◽  
Masahiro Tsuchiya ◽  
Haruki Momma ◽  
Takeyoshi Koseki ◽  
Kaoru Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is among the most prevalent congenital birth defects. They negatively affect maternal psychological status and may consequently result in higher prevalence of child maltreatment. However, the association of CL/P births with bonding disorders still remains unclear. To address this question, we examined the impact of CL/P birth on mother-to-infant bonding, using the nationwide birth cohort study, Japan Environment and Children's Study. Methods This study was conducted as a nationwide birth cohort study of the Japan environment and children’s study (JECS), an ongoing nationwide birth cohort study in Japan. 104,065 of foetuses in fifteen regional centres in JECS were enrolled. Finally, the participants consisted of 79,140 mother-infant pairs, of which 211 mothers with CL/P infants were included in our analyses. Results First, no increased risk of bonding disorders was observed among all the mothers with CL/P births (odds ratio [95% CI]; 0.97 [0.63-1.48], p = 0.880), and advanced maternal age or multiple parity would adversely affect the associations between bonding disorders and CL/P births, respectively. Thus, after stratification with a combination of maternal age and parity, a significant association of CL/P birth with bonding disorders was found only among advanced-age multiparae (OR [95% CI] = 2.51 [1.17-5.37], p = 0.018), but it was weakened after additional adjustment for maternal depression. Conclusion CL/P birth may increase the risk of bonding disorders among advanced-age multiparae possibly through maternal depression. This finding provides valuable information for the provision of multidisciplinary cleft care.

Abstract 033: Does Persistent Poverty Elevate Risk for Obesity More Than Occasional Poverty in Youth? Evidence From a Quebec Birth Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Kakinami ◽  
Marie Lambert ◽  
Lise Gauvin ◽  
Louise Séguin ◽  
Béatrice Nikiéma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Statistics Canada

Background: Childhood poverty heightens the risk of obesity in adulthood, but its effect during childhood is poorly understood. We analyzed the relationship between poverty trajectories across the ages of 6, 8, 10, and 12 years with BMI Z-scores and the risk of being overweight in a birth cohort of children. Methods: Data were from 703 participants in the 1998-2010 ″Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development″ (n=2,120) birth cohort. Household income was measured annually with poverty defined as income below the low-income thresholds established by Statistics Canada adjusted for household size and geographic region. Children’s height and weight at ages 6, 8, 10, and 12 years were measured by trained study staff. Body mass index (BMI) was converted to age- and sex- standardized BMI Z-scores and percentiles and were classified as overweight or obese (BMI percentile > 85th) based on CDC growth curves. Trajectories of poverty across the ages of 6, 8, 10, and 12 years were characterized with a latent class group analysis using maximum likelihood in a semiparametric mixture model. Multivariable linear regressions predicted BMI Z-scores at different ages, and logistic regression predicted the risk of being overweight or obese based on poverty trajectories after adjusting for sex. Because all children at ages 6 and 8 years were pre-pubertal, and all children at age 12 were in puberty, only the model for BMI at age 10 adjusted for puberty. Results: Poverty trajectories were fairly stable across time and fell into 1 lower exposure category (consistently low exposure (approximately 70%, n=487)) and 3 higher exposure categories (increasing: 8%, n=55; decreasing: 10%, n=70; or consistently high exposure: 13%, n=91)). After adjusting for covariates, compared to children experiencing lower exposure to poverty, BMI Z-scores of children with consistently high exposure to poverty were 0.05 (p=NS), 0.12 (p=NS), 0.37 (p=0.02), and 0.42 (p=0.003) higher at ages 6, 8, 10, and 12 years, respectively. After adjustment, children experiencing consistently high exposure to poverty were at a significantly increased risk for being overweight or obese at age 8 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2-3.3, p=0.01), age 10 (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.2-3.5, p=0.005), and at age 12 years (OR: 2.8, CI: 1.7-4.7, p<0.001) compared to children experiencing lower exposure to poverty. Children experiencing decreasing exposure to poverty at all ages, or increasing exposure at age 10 and 12 years were at an increased risk for being overweight or obese, but the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Findings suggest that there is a latency period for the detrimental effects of poverty on weight, but that previous exposure can still impact future weight even at a young age. Whether the disparity in weight status according to poverty trajectories widens as the children continue to age should be investigated.

scholarly journals Perinatal and Antibiotic Exposures and the Risk of Developing Childhood-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study Based on a Population-Based Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Canova ◽  
Jonas F Ludvigsson ◽  
Riccardo Di Domenicantonio ◽  
Loris Zanier ◽  
Claudio Barbiellini Amidei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
The Impact

The role of early-life environmental exposures on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) onset remains unclear. We aimed to quantify the impact of perinatal conditions and antibiotic use in the first 6 and 12 months of life, on the risk of childhood-onset IBD, in a birth cohort of the region Friuli-Venezia Giulia (Italy). A nested case-control design on a longitudinal cohort of 213,515 newborns was adopted. Conditional binomial regression models were used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all analyzed risk factors. We identified 164 individuals with IBD onset before the age of 18 years and 1640 controls. None of the considered perinatal conditions were associated with IBD. Analyses on antibiotic exposure were based on 70 cases and 700 controls. Risks were significantly higher for children with ≥4 antibiotic prescriptions in the first 6 and 12 months of life (OR = 6.34; 95%CI 1.68–24.02 and OR = 2.91; 95%CI 1.31–6.45, respectively). This association was present only among patients with Crohn’s disease and those with earlier IBD onset. We found that perinatal characteristics were not associated to IBD, while the frequent use of antibiotics during the first year of life was associated to an increased risk of developing subsequent childhood-onset IBD.

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