Mixtures of organic amendments and biochar promote beneficial soil microbiota and affect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae , Rhizoctonia solani , and Sclerotinia minor diseases suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Bonanomi ◽  
Maurizio Zotti ◽  
Mohamed Idbella ◽  
Gaspare Cesarano ◽  
Saud L. Al‐Rowaily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Sclerotinia Minor ◽  
Soil Microbiota

scholarly journals Management of Black Scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) of Potato through Organic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Singh ◽  
Vikee M. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Black Scurf ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Diseased Tuber ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Black scurf (Rhizoctonia solani) disease of potato is becoming prominent in many potato growing districts of Gujarat state which reduce quality and market value of the produce, resulting in economic losses. The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2014-15 in naturally infested field with scurf pathogen at Potato Research Station, S.D. Agricultural University, Deesa (Gujarat) with the objective to find out suitable management strategies for black scurf through organic approaches (bio-agents and organic amendments). Among different bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis) tested against black scurf, the tuber treatment with 2 per cent boric acid spray along with tuber treatment with T. viride @ 10 g/kg seed before sowing recorded the lowest disease incidence (15.33 %) and index (0.38) with highest total tuber yield (324.68 q/ha) with maximum income `2,57,414/ha. When price computed with healthy and diseased tuber yield among treatments, the maximum income variation was (`92,986/ha) recorded by the same treatment followed by the tuber treatment with 3 % boric acid spray before sowing (`68,440/ha). In case of various organic amendments tested, soil application of mustard cake @ 10 q/ha registered minimum disease incidence (37.33 %) and disease index (0.66) as compared to rest of the organic treatment with highest total tuber yield (`327.20 q/ha) with maximum income `2,65,010/ha. When price computed with healthy and diseased tuber yield among treatments, the maximum income variation was (`1,12,990/ha) recorded by the same treatment followed by the neem cake @ 10 q/ha (`56,660/ha). These organic treatments can provide an effective and economical management of black scurf of potato for cultivaters.

scholarly journals Host And Temperature Preferensce, Male Occurrence And Morfomentrics Offungivorous Nematode, Aphelenchus Avenae Isolates From Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Buni Amin
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae

ABSTRACT. Host and temperature preference, male accurrence, and morfomentrics of 39 isolates of Apehelenchus avenae were investigated. Of the 39 isolates, 33 were from 7 sistrict of Kyushu, 3 preference were investigated on 4 species of fungi; Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melonis, and Pyitum aphanidermatum growing on 1/5 strength PDA medium. The nematodes were incubated on respective fungus mat for 30 days at 25 and 30 OC host fungi and temperatures gave rise to various levels of reproduction and male accurance. The isolates were divided into 5 groups based on their reproductivity on their host fungi at the 2 temperature regimes. Most of the isolates of A. avenae progated themselves at 25 0C on B. cinera and R. solani AG-4, was 60.850 given by Nagasaki isolates (NA3). The maximum multiplication 48.420 at 0C accured on R. solani byu Kagoshima isiolate (KA3). The occurrence of males was very low in all isolates and it occurred only at 30 0C. De Man’s value of body dimension were measured and showed no significant variation among the isolates. Besides, There were no realtions between groupings by host preference and by body dimension.

scholarly journals Desinfestação de substratos para produção de mudas, utilizando vapor de água

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
João Bosco C. Silva ◽  
Ivani T. Oliveira-Napoleão ◽  
Loeni L. Falcão
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum

O tratamento sanitário de substratos é uma operação importante no processo de produção de mudas e no cultivo de plantas em vasos ou outros contentores. Tradicionalmente tem-se utilizado o gás brometo de metila como agente desinfetante. Entretanto, a produção deste gás deverá ser abolida até o ano 2010, forçando-se a busca de novas opções. Desenvolveu-se na Embrapa Hortaliças um equipamento que utiliza o vapor de água à baixa pressão, produzido por uma caldeira industrial, com capacidade para evaporar 30 L/h de água, para aquecer o substrato contido em uma caixa metálica cilíndrica com capacidade de 2000 L. O vapor é aplicado no fundo da caixa que contém uma camada de brita coberta com uma tela metálica de malha de 2 mm, que favorece a distribuição uniforme do vapor por toda a massa de substrato. O tempo de aquecimento é de aproximadamente 3 horas e o calor armazenado durante este período mantém a massa de substrato aquecida a temperaturas pasteurizantes, por até 4 horas após a aplicação do vapor. Para testar a eficácia do sistema avaliou-se a sobrevivência dos patógenos Ralstonia solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Rhizoctonia solani. Aplicou-se vapor por uma hora, não considerando o período de aquecimento, e coletaram-se as amostras após uma, duas, três ou quatro horas o início da aplicação de vapor. O tratamento por uma hora, em adição ao período de aquecimento, resultou na eliminação dos patógenos.

scholarly journals In vitro antifungal potential of plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina.

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaraju Cherkupally ◽  
Srinivasa Reddy Kota ◽  
Hindumathi Amballa ◽  
Bhumi Narasimha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of nine plants viz, Azadirachta indica, Parthenium hysterophorus, Momordica charantia, Allium sativum, Eucalyptus globules, Calotropis procera, Aloe vera, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium were assessed in vitro against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina, the soil borne phytopathogens. The assessment of fungitoxic effect was carried out by using three different concentrations i.e., 5, 10 and 20% against the test fungi, in terms of percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. The extract of A. sativum completely inhibited the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina at all the concentrations. The extracts of D. stramonium and E. globulus inhibited the mycelial growth of R. solani of 72%, and 70.7% respectively at 20% concentration, that of A. sativum, E. globulus and D. stramonium exhibited inhibition percentage of 63.3%, 61.8% and 61.1% respectively at 20% concentration on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae. The application of plant extracts for disease management could be less expensive, easily available, non-polluting and eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cow Urine as Plant Growth Enhancer and Antifungal Agent

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Jandaik ◽  
Preeti Thakur ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Effect ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Poison Food Technique

The present study was conducted to determine antifungal activity of three different concentrations (5, 10, and 15%) of cow urine against three fungal pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, andSclerotium rolfsii) isolated from infected plants of Methi and Bhindi that showed symptoms of damping off and wilting disease by poison food technique. The extent of growth of test fungi in plates poisoned with cow urine was lesser when compared with the control plates. Among these concentrations cow urine at 15% concentration was most effective. When the three fungal organisms were compared, maximum growth suppression was observed inFusarium oxysporum(78.57%) at 15% concentration of cow urine followed byRhizoctonia solani(78.37%) andSclerotium rolfsii(73.84%). Finally we concluded that the cow urine has antifungal activities and the inhibitory activity can be used in the control of fungi. The nutritional effect of cow urine on plant growth was also tested withTrigonella foenum-graecum(Methi) andAbelmoschus esculentus(Bhindi) plants and the chlorophyll and protein content was also estimated.

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