Lessons from 10 Years of Stakeholder Adoption of a Soil Bioassay for Assessing the Risk of Spinach Fusarium Wilt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gyawali ◽  
M.L. Derie ◽  
E.W. Gatch ◽  
D. Sharma‐Poudyal ◽  
L.J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Soil Bioassay

scholarly journals A Soil Bioassay for Predicting the Risk of Spinach Fusarium wilt

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily W. Gatch ◽  
Lindsey J. du Toit
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Bioassay ◽  
Inbred Parent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seed Crops

The maritime Pacific Northwest is the only region of the United States suitable for production of spinach seed, a cool-season, daylength-sensitive crop. However, the acidic soils of this region are highly conducive to spinach Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae. Rotations of at least 10 to 15 years between spinach seed crops are necessary to reduce the high risk of losses to this disease. The objectives of this study were to develop a greenhouse soil bioassay to assess the relative risk of Fusarium wilt in fields intended for spinach seed production, and to identify soil chemical and physical properties associated with conduciveness to this disease. Preliminary bioassays established a protocol for growing spinach plants in a greenhouse environment and inducing Fusarium wilt symptoms so that the bioassay can be completed in <2 months. Test soils with a range of Fusarium wilt inoculum potentials, and three spinach inbred parent lines (highly susceptible, moderately susceptible, and moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt) were used to evaluate sensitivity of the bioassay to different levels of risk of Fusarium wilt. Then, from 2010 to 2013, spinach seed growers and stakeholders submitted soil samples from 147 fields for evaluation with the bioassay. The fields were each under consideration for planting a spinach seed crop, yet the bioassay revealed a wide range in Fusarium wilt inoculum potential among soil samples. Differences in susceptibility to Fusarium wilt of the three inbred lines were key to detecting differences in wilt risk among soils. Visits to spinach seed crops planted in fields evaluated in the bioassay, as well as test plots of the three inbred lines planted in growers’ seed crops, confirmed the predictive value of the bioassay for Fusarium wilt risk. Correlation analyses for 23 soil properties revealed significant relationships of 15 soil properties with the Fusarium wilt potential of a soil, but the correlations were influenced significantly by susceptibility of the inbred line to Fusarium wilt (13, 10, and 8 soil properties correlated significantly with Fusarium wilt risk for the susceptible, moderate, and partially resistant inbreds, respectively). Multiple regression analyses identified different statistical models for prediction of Fusarium wilt risk depending on the spinach inbred line, but the best fitting model explained <34% of the variability in Fusarium wilt risk among 121 fields evaluated in the soil bioassay. Thus, no model was robust enough to replace the bioassay for the purpose of predicting Fusarium wilt risk.

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghea Dotulong ◽  
Stella Umboh ◽  
Johanis Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

Expression Changes of Transcription Factors in Susceptible and Resistant Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) Cultivars in Response to Fusarium wilt

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Ze-Gang HAN ◽  
Zeng-Qiang ZHAO ◽  
Lan-Lan HE ◽  
Meng-Liang CHAI ◽  
Hui-Hui LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Upland Cotton

Registration of UC 193 Alfalfa Germplasm with High Resistance to Downy Mildew and Fusarium Wilt

Crop Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-578
Author(s):  
W. F. Lehman ◽  
D. L. Stuteville ◽  
V. L. Marble
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
High Resistance
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