scholarly journals Role of basidiomycete fungi in the grapevine trunk disease esca

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Brown ◽  
D. P. Lawrence ◽  
K. Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

scholarly journals Phomopsis Dieback: A Grapevine Trunk Disease Caused by Phomopsis viticola in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1571-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Úrbez-Torres ◽  
F. Peduto ◽  
R. J. Smith ◽  
W. D. Gubler
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Phomopsis Viticola ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
First Time

Field surveys recently conducted in California and in other grape-growing regions in the United States showed Phomopsis viticola to be one of the most prevalent fungi isolated from grapevine perennial cankers in declining vines. The current study has not only confirmed the presence of P. viticola from grapevine cankers in California but also has for the first time revealed the occurrence of Diaporthe ambigua, D. eres, and D. neotheicola in symptomatic grapevine wood in California by means of morphological studies and multi-gene sequence analysis. Pathogenicity trials conducted on mature cordons of Vitis vinifera ‘Syrah’ and ‘Red Globe’, as well as on lignified Syrah dormant canes, showed P. viticola isolates from California to be capable of causing perennial cankers. Lengths of vascular discoloration caused by P. viticola were similar to those caused by Eutypa lata and several Botryosphaeriaceae spp., which are well-known grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Additionally, a lack of spring growth was commonly observed in dormant canes inoculated with P. viticola spore suspensions in two pathogenicity trials. As part of this study, V. vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Zinfandel’ wood was shown to be more susceptible to infection by P. viticola than ‘Barbera’, ‘Chardonnay’, ‘Merlot’, and ‘Thompson Seedless’ wood. After more than 40 years overlooking P. viticola as a grapevine wood pathogen, this study provides strong evidence of the role of P. viticola as a canker-causing organism, and suggests its addition to the fungi involved in the grapevine trunk disease complex. Results from this study suggest D. ambigua and D. neotheicola to be saprophytes or weak pathogens on grapevine wood.

scholarly journals Protein Engineering Approaches to Enhance Fungal Laccase Production in S. cerevisiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1157
Author(s):  
Pablo Aza ◽  
Felipe de Salas ◽  
Gonzalo Molpeceres ◽  
David Rodríguez-Escribano ◽  
Iñigo de la Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Laccase Activity ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mating Factor ◽  
Conserved Amino Acids ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi

Laccases secreted by saprotrophic basidiomycete fungi are versatile biocatalysts able to oxidize a wide range of aromatic compounds using oxygen as the sole requirement. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a preferred host for engineering fungal laccases. To assist the difficult secretion of active enzymes by yeast, the native signal peptide is usually replaced by the preproleader of S. cerevisiae alfa mating factor (MFα1). However, in most cases, only basal enzyme levels are obtained. During directed evolution in S. cerevisiae of laccases fused to the α-factor preproleader, we demonstrated that mutations accumulated in the signal peptide notably raised enzyme secretion. Here we describe different protein engineering approaches carried out to enhance the laccase activity detected in the liquid extracts of S. cerevisiae cultures. We demonstrate the improved secretion of native and engineered laccases by using the fittest mutated α-factor preproleader obtained through successive laccase evolution campaigns in our lab. Special attention is also paid to the role of protein N-glycosylation in laccase production and properties, and to the introduction of conserved amino acids through consensus design enabling the expression of certain laccases otherwise not produced by the yeast. Finally, we revise the contribution of mutations accumulated in laccase coding sequence (CDS) during previous directed evolution campaigns that facilitate enzyme production.

scholarly journals Novel Seimatosporium Species from Grapevine in Northern California and Their Interactions with Fungal Pathogens Involved in the Trunk-Disease Complex

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
Renaud Travadon ◽  
Kendra Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Eutypa Lata ◽  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽  
Diaporthe Ambigua

Seimatosporium spp. and closely related “pestalotioid fungi” have been isolated from vineyards worldwide, but their ecological status in grapevine wood is unclear. To determine their involvement in the grapevine trunk-disease complex, we tested the pathogenicity of Californian isolates obtained from vines with general symptoms of Botryosphaeria, Eutypa, and Phomopsis diebacks. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses revealed three species: Seimatosporium vitis and two newly described and typified species, S. luteosporum sp. nov. and S. vitifusiforme sp. nov. Inoculations to woody stems of potted grapevines of both isolates of S. vitis and one isolate of S. vitifusiforme, but not S. luteosporum, were associated with significantly larger lesions than those of noninoculated controls. Coinoculations with trunk pathogens (Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe ambigua, Diatrypella verruciformis, Diplodia seriata, and Eutypa lata), coisolated from the same wood cankers in the field, brought about increased lesion lengths for S. vitifusiforme paired with D. seriata, and S. luteosporum paired with Diaporthe ambigua. In contrast, there were no differences in lesion lengths of S. vitis and Diatrypella verruciformis or S. vitis and E. lata, inoculated alone or together. Our findings suggest that Seimatosporium spp. are involved in the grapevine trunk-disease complex, and their virulence may depend on or affect that of trunk pathogens.

scholarly journals Closed-reference metatranscriptomics enablesin plantaprofiling of putative virulence activities in the grapevine trunk disease complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 490-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Morales-Cruz ◽  
Gabrielle Allenbeck ◽  
Rosa Figueroa-Balderas ◽  
Vanessa E. Ashworth ◽  
Daniel P. Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Complex ◽  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease

The Spread of Grapevine Trunk Disease

Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 324 (5928) ◽  
pp. 721-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bertsch ◽  
P. Larignon ◽  
S. Farine ◽  
C. Clement ◽  
F. Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease

scholarly journals Arthropods Vector Grapevine Trunk Disease Pathogens

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moyo ◽  
E. Allsopp ◽  
F. Roets ◽  
L. Mostert ◽  
F. Halleen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Pruning Wound ◽  
Trunk Disease ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Disease ◽  
Trunk Diseases

Arthropod-mediated dispersal of pathogens is known in many cropping systems but has never been demonstrated for grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Arthropods from vineyards were screened for the presence of pathogens associated with Petri disease and esca using cultural and molecular techniques. The ability of the most abundant pathogen-carrying species to inoculate healthy grapevine vascular tissues was also determined. Millipedes and ants were allowed to associate with a DsRed- Express-transformed Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, after which they were exposed to freshly pruned healthy grapevines under controlled conditions and wounds were monitored for subsequent infection. In addition, the possibility of millipede excreta, commonly found on pruning wounds in the field, to act as inoculum source was determined. A diverse arthropod fauna was associated with declining grapevines and many of these carried trunk disease pathogens. However, spiders, the ant Crematogaster peringueyi, and the millipede Ommattoiulus moreleti were the most abundant pathogen carriers. The ant and millipede species fed on pruning wound sap and effectively transmitted trunk disease pathogens. Millipede excreta contained viable spores of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and may serve as an inoculum source. Numerous arthropods, including beneficial predators, are potential vectors of grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Our results highlight the need for an integrated approach, including targeted management of ants and millipedes at the time of pruning, to limit the spread of grapevine trunk diseases.

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