scholarly journals Genetic structure of a Pyrenophora teres f. teres population over time in an Australian barley field as revealed by Diversity Arrays Technology markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Poudel ◽  
N. Vaghefi ◽  
M. S. McLean ◽  
G. J. Platz ◽  
M. W. Sutherland ◽  
...  
2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leona Leišová-Svobodová ◽  
Věra Minaříková ◽  
Pavel Matušinsky ◽  
Martina Hudcovicová ◽  
Katarína Ondreičková ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bogacki ◽  
Felicity J. Keiper ◽  
Klaus H. Oldach

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobin L. Peever ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom

The genetic structure of Pyrenophora teres, an ascomycete fungus that causes net blotch of barley, was examined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Twenty-seven random oligonucleotide primers were screened against DNA from 16 isolates of P. teres of diverse geographic origin. Five primers gave scorable, reproducible DNA products (bands) suitable for population genetic studies. Genetic analyses of bands produced by two of the primers revealed single locus segregation in three of four crosses, indicating that these RAPDs can be interpreted as alleles at genetic loci. Allele frequencies were determined for 10 putative RAPD loci from five primers in 22–35 isolates of P. teres sampled from each of five geographically separated populations in Canada, Germany, and the U.S.A. Eight RAPD loci were polymorphic in at least one population and two loci were monomorphic in all five populations. Variation in allele frequencies (allelic diversity) among the five populations was partitioned into within- and among-population components using Nei's GST. A GST value of 0.46 was obtained among all populations indicating that approximately 46% of the total genetic variability detected was due to differentation among populations compared with 54% within populations. A GST value of 0.33 was obtained among the North American populations only. From five to nine multilocus genotypes were found in each population. Nine genotypes occurred exclusively in the German population and four exclusively in the New York population. The other populations had one or two unique genotypes. Gametic disequilibrium values (nonrandom associations of RAPD loci) were calculated among all pairs of polymorphic loci within each population. Eleven of 49 values were significantly different from 0 (P < 0.05); 8 of the 11 significant gametic disequilibrium values occurred in the New York population. Highly significant gametic disequilibrium was detected between the same two RAPD loci in three different populations, suggesting that these loci are genetically linked. Two different multilocus analyses revealed that the genetic structures of the Alberta, North Dakota, and German populations but not the New York population were consistent with random sexual reproduction occurring in these populations. Key words: polymerase chain reaction, population genetics, fungi, genetic differentiation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Pérez-Portela ◽  
Alex Garcia-Cisneros ◽  
Marta Campos-Canet ◽  
Creu Palacín

Abstract We here analysed the populations’ genetic structure of Coscinasterias tenuispina, an Atlantic-Mediterranean fissiparous starfish, focusing on the western Mediterranean, to investigate: the distribution and prevalence of genetic variants, the relative importance of asexual reproduction, connectivity across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition, and the potential recent colonisation of the Mediterranean Sea. Individuals from 11 Atlantic-Mediterranean populations of a previous study added to 172 new samples from five new W Mediterranean sites. Individuals were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and their gonads histologically analysed for sex determination. Additionally, four populations were genotyped at two-time points. Results demonstrated genetic homogeneity and low clonal richness within the W Mediterranean, due to the dominance of a superclone, but large genetic divergence with adjacent areas. The lack of new genotypes recruitment over time, and the absence of females, confirmed that W Mediterranean populations were exclusively maintained by fission and reinforced the idea of its recent colonization. The existence of different environmental conditions among basins and/or density-depend processes could explain this lack of recruitment from distant areas. The positive correlation between clonal richness and heterozygote excess suggests that most genetic diversity is retained within individuals in the form of heterozygosity in clonal populations, which might increase their resilience.


Author(s):  
В.П. ПРОЖЕРИН ◽  
Ия.В. СЕЛЬКОВА ◽  
А.Е. КАЛАШНИКОВ

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования являлось изучение и анализ генетической структуры потомства у быков-производителей по поколениям (периодам наблюдений). Мониторинг генетической структуры холмогорской породы крупного рогатого скота позволяет провести исследования, дающие информацию во временной шкале по частотам генотипов групп крови для холмогорской породы; осуществлено наблюдение для интервалов наблюдений. Методология. Проведены исследования частот аллелей ЕАВ-локуса. Для холмогорской породы по быкам-производителям определена динамика формирования современной генетической структуры архангельской популяции. Определены частотные характеристики аллелей и анализ динамики их изменения. Результаты. Исследования показали, что аллелофонд холмогорской породы сбалансирован, но отмечена динамика убыли и возрастания частот отдельных аллелей-маркеров, которые свойственны только холмогорской породе крупного рогатого скота. Наблюдалась также достаточно высокая чувствительность и специфичность тестирования. Отмечено, что степень гомозиготности в разрезе анализируемых поколений быков-производителей имеет тенденцию к снижению с 11,4 % (1-й интервал наблюдений) до 5,7 % (9-й интервал). С другой стороны, количество эффективных аллелей – к росту – с 8,8 до 17,6 %. Наибольшее генетическое расстояние имеют чистокровные быки-производители холмогорской породы первого-второго интервалов наблюдений с голштинизированными восьмого-девятого интервалов (расстояния 0,25 и 0,23; 0,27 и 0,47 соответственно). Продолжающееся дистанцирование современных быков-производителей от предыдущих поколений подтверждает проведение поглотительного скрещивания и смещение породы в сторону голштинской с течением времени и в перспективе развития. Заключение. В результате работы проведена оценка генетической структуры холмогорской породы КРС Архангельской популяции и установлено, что в процессе проводимых селекционных мероприятий у быков холмогорской породы отмечается устойчивое увеличение числа аллелей, а чистопородные быки генетически дистанцируются от быков, межпородно гибридизованных с голштинской породой, в ряду поколений с течением времени. Выявлено, что наиболее генетически отдаленными являются чистопородные и голштинизированные быки-производители. Kholmogorskaya breed, Holsteinized stud bulls, allele pool, alleles of the EAB locus blood groups, homozygosity, genetic similarity, genetic distance Problems and purpose of investigation. The purpose of this research was to study and analyze the genetic structure of the bulls ofspring of stud bulls by generations (observation periods). Monitoring of the genetic structure of Kholmogorskaya breed made it possible to carry out studies that provide information on the time scale on the frequencies of genotypes of blood groups for Kholmogorskaya breed. The checkup of the observation intervals was carried out. Methodology. The studies of the allele frequencies of the EAB-locus were carried out. For Kholmogorskaya breed stud bulls, the dynamics of formation of the modern genetic structure of the Arkhangelsk population was determined. The frequency characteristics of the alleles and the analysis of the dynamics of their change were determined. Results. Studies showed that the allele pool of Kholmogorskaya breed was balanced, but the dynamics of the decrease and increase in the frequencies of individual marker alleles, which were characteristic only of Kholmogorskaya breed of cattle, were noted, and a sufciently high sensitivity and specifcs of testing wereobserved. It was noted that the degree of homozygosity in the context of the analyzed generations of stud bulls tended to decrease from 11.4 % (1st observation interval) to 5.7 % (9th interval). On the other hand, the number of efective alleles increased from 8.8 to 17.6 %. The maximal genetic distance was in purebred stud bulls of Kholmogorskaya breed of the frst and second observation intervals with Holsteinized bulls of the eighth to ninth generation intervals (distances 0.25 and 0.23; 0.27 and 0.47, respectively). The continuing distancing of modern stud bulls from previous generations confrmed accumulation cross breeding and the shift of the breed towards Holstein over time and in the future. Conclusion. As a result of the work, the assessment of the genetic structure of Kholmogorskaya breed of the Arkhangelsk population was carried out and it was found that in the process of breeding activities in the bulls of Kholmogorskaya breed there was a steady increase in the number of alleles, and purebred bulls genetically distance themselves from bulls interbreed hybridized with Holstein breed in a number of generations over time. It was revealed that the most genetically distant animals were purebred and Holsteinized stud bulls.


2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Akhavan ◽  
T. Kelly Turkington ◽  
Berisso Kebede ◽  
Kequan Xi ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Popa

Physical forces acting on particles explain how physical systems change over time. Evolutionary forces acting on populations of genomes explain change in the genetic structure of populations across generations. The dynamics of human development - i.e., learning, or change in psychological systems, are not yet understood. This is a step in that direction.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddhika Amarasinghe Dahanayaka ◽  
Niloofar Vaghefi ◽  
Noel L. Knight ◽  
József Bakonyi ◽  
Renée Prins ◽  
...  

Net-form net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt) results in significant yield losses to barley industries. Up-to-date knowledge of the genetic diversity and structure of pathogen populations is critical for better understanding the disease epidemiology and unravelling pathogen survival and dispersal mechanisms. Thus, this study investigated long distance dispersal and adaptation by analysing the genetic structure of 250 Ptt isolates collected from Australia, Canada, Hungary and Republic of South Africa (RSA), and historical isolates from Canada, Denmark, Japan and Sweden. The population genetic structure detected by discriminant analysis of principal component, using 5890 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers, revealed the presence of four clusters. Two of these contained isolates from all regions, and all isolates from RSA were grouped in these two. Australia and Hungary showed three clusters each. One of the Australian clusters contained only Australian isolates. One of the Hungarian clusters contained only Hungarian isolates and one Danish isolate. STRUCTURE analysis indicated that some isolates from Australia and Hungary shared recent ancestry with RSA, Canada and historical isolates and were thus admixed. Subdivisions of the Neighbor-joining network indicated that isolates from distinct countries were closely related, suggesting multiple introduction events conferred genetic heterogeneity in these countries. Through a Neighbor-joining analysis and amplification with form-specific DNA markers two hybrid isolates, CBS 281.31 from Japan and H-919 from Hungary collected in 1931 and 2018, respectively, were detected. These results provide a foundation for exploring improved management of disease incursions and pathogen control through strategic deployment of resistances.


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