Inoculation of Malus genotypes with a set of Erwinia amylovora strains indicates a gene-for-gene relationship between the effector gene eop1 and both Malus floribunda 821 and Malus ‘Evereste’

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 938-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Wöhner ◽  
K. Richter ◽  
G. W. Sundin ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
V. O. Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Effector Gene ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Gene For Gene

scholarly journals Gene-for-gene relationship in the host-pathogen systemMalus × robusta5-Erwinia amylovora

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 1262-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Vogt ◽  
Thomas Wöhner ◽  
Klaus Richter ◽  
Henryk Flachowsky ◽  
George W. Sundin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Gene For Gene

scholarly journals Testing of Czech cultivars and advanced selections of apples for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
C. Fischer ◽  
K. Richter ◽  
J. Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Five apple cultivars from the Czech Republic and 26 selections from the same country (a majority of them were resistant to scab) were included in the present study. M. robusta strain (Nr. 5) was used as a control with the highest level of resistance to fire blight. Another 7 cultivars with different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the disease were also evaluated. Selena and Nabella were found to be resistant, whereas Angold, Resista and Topaz were susceptible. Two HL selections were previously identified as highly resistant, 3 selections as medium resistant and 7 others as moderately susceptible. The rest of the 14 selections ranged from very high susceptible to medium susceptible. A high level of resistance was confirmed in 3 cultivars from Dresden-Pillnitz: Reanda, Remo and Rewena. Comparison of the parentage of the tested cultivars or selections with their level of resistance to fire blight suggests that most of the resistance comes from Malus floribunda, which was used in the course of their breeding as a donor of scab resistance. In one case, the source of the fire blight resistance was Starking Delicious cv.  

scholarly journals First Report of Fire Blight Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Crabapple (Malus floribunda) in Turkey

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1244-1244
Author(s):  
K. K. Bastas ◽  
A. Y. Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Shoot Blight ◽  
Reference Strains

Fire blight is a destructive and sporadic disease of crabapple (Malus floribunda) and other plants in the Rosaceae in many areas of the world. From 2007 to 2010, sudden wilting, shriveling of flowers, leaf and shoot blight, and cankers with brown discoloration on twigs of crabapple were observed in residential landscapes of Konya Province, Turkey. Disease incidence ranged from 20 to 40% in different areas of this province, and surveys showed that ~163 ha were infested. Isolations were made from sections of symptomatic leaves, shoots, and cankers using 70% ethanol for 1 s to surface-sterilize the tissue sections, followed by rinsing three times in sterilized distilled water (SDW). Then, a 1 g subsample of each tissue section was homogenized in 10 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and a 10-fold serial dilution of each homogenate prepared for six dilutions. From each homogenate, an aliquot of each dilution was plated onto 5% nutrient sucrose agar and King's B agar media, and the plates incubated for 2 to 3 days at 27°C (3). Bacterial strains were identified on the basis of biochemical, physiological (2), and molecular tests (1). Twenty-seven representative bacterial strains were each gram negative, rod-shaped, mucoid, fermentative, yellow-orange on Miller and Scroth agar medium, positive for levan formation and acetoin production, and showed no growth at 36°C. The strains were also positive for gelatin hydrolysis and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dihydrolase, reduction of nitrate, and acid production from lactose and inositol (2). Two reference strains of Erwinia amylovora (EaP28 and NCPPB 2791) from a culture collection at Selcuk University were used as positive control strains. All strains induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum cv. White Burley) plants within 24 h after inoculation with a 108 CFU/ml bacterial suspension in SDW (~50 μl), and the strains produced ooze on inoculated immature pear fruit slices cv. Ankara. All strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers A/B (1), which amplified a 1 kb DNA fragment by PCR assay. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inserting a suspension (108 CFU/ml SDW) of each of the 27 bacterial strains and two reference strains, EaP28 and NCPPB 2791, into actively growing shoot tips of 3-year-old plants of M. floribunda cv. Hilleri, using a 0.46 mm-diameter hypodermic needle. Leaf and shoot blight symptoms typical of fire blight were observed within 2 weeks. SDW was injected similarly as a negative control treatment, and no symptoms were observed. All tests were repeated three times with the same results. Re-isolations were done from the control plants as well as shoots and leaves inoculated with the two reference strains and the 27 bacteria identified as E. amylovora. Bacteria isolated from inoculated plants were identified as E. amylovora using the biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests described above, but this bacterium was not isolated from the control plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. amylovora on crabapple in Turkey. References: (1) S. Bereswill et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:3522, 1992. (2) A. L. Jones and K. Geider. Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria, pp. 40-55, American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (3) R. A. Lelliott and D. E. Stead. Methods for Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases of Plants (Methods in Plant Pathology). Oxford, UK, 1987.

Application of commercial test-systems to identify gram-negative facultatively anaerobic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Patyka ◽  
L. Butsenko ◽  
L. Pasichnyk
Keyword(s):  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Phytopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Aim. To validate the suitability of commercial API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) for the identifi cation and characterization of facultative gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterial isolates. Methods. Conventional mi- crobiological methods, API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Re- sults. The identifi cation results for Erwinia amylovora, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Pantoea agglome- rans isolates were derived from the conventional and API 20E test systems, which, were in line with the literature data for these species. The API 20E test-system showed high suitability for P. agglomerans isolates identifi cation. Although not all the species of facultatively anaerobic phytopathogenic bacteria may be identi- fi ed using API 20E test-system, its application will surely allow obtaining reliable data about their physiologi- cal and biochemical properties, valuable for identifi cation of bacteria, in the course of 24 h. Conclusions. The results of tests, obtained for investigated species while using API 20E test-system, and those of conventional microbiological methods coincided. The application of API 20E test-system (bioMerieux) ensures fast obtain- ing of important data, which may be used to identify phytopathogenic bacteria of Erwinia, Pectobacterium, Pantoea genera.

ORGANIC ACIDS, SUGARS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Malus floribunda coccinella FRUIT, PEEL AND FLESH

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Hacer Coklar ◽  
Mehmet Akbulut ◽  
Iliasu Alhassan ◽  
Şeyma Kirpitci ◽  
Emine Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Malus Floribunda

Effect of SnTOX effectors on the virulence degree of Stagonospora nodorum isolates

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351
Author(s):  
S.V. Veselova ◽  
G.F. Burkhanova ◽  
S.D. Rumyantsev ◽  
T.V. Nuzhnaya
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Stagonospora Nodorum ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Gene System ◽  
Compatible Interactions ◽  
Gene For Gene

Stagonospora nodorum Berk. is the causal agent of Septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It synthesizes host-specific necrotrophic effectors (NEs), which facilitate infection process and ensure virulence of pathogen on host plant with a dominant susceptibility gene. The interaction of virulence genes products of the NEs pathogen (SnTox) with susceptibility genes products of the host plant (Snn) in the S. nodorum - wheat pathosystem is carried out in inverted gene-for-gene system and causes the development of disease. In this study, we tested three main NEs SnToxA, SnTox1, SnTox3, which have already been identified in S. nodorum at the gene level. The NEs role in the development of SNB has already been proven; however, the overall host response to SNB does not always strictly follow the inverted gene-for-gene system, as multiple SnTox-Snn interactions can be additive or epistatic. In this regard, the aim of the work was to identify the NE genes in three S. nodorum isolates and to study effect of NEs genes transcriptional activity on the isolate virulence. We have shown that all three NEs SnToxA, SnTox3 and SnTox1 played an important role in the development of the disease in compatible interactions. Effectors SnTox3 and SnTox1 exhibited epistatic interaction that was removed by a triple compatible interaction (SnTox3-Snn3, SnToxA-Tsn1 and SnTox1-Snn1). This effect was shown by us for the first time. The mechanisms of epistatic and additive interactions, as well as the virulence of the isolate were associated with the regulation of the NEs genes transcriptional activity. The avirulent isolate Sn4VD lacked transcription of all three NEs genes, and the virulent isolate Sn9MH was characterized by a high level of mRNA accumulation of all three NEs genes during infection on susceptible cultivar. We also showed that SnTox expression depended both on the host genotype in SnToxA and SnTox3 and on the number of compatible interactions exhibiting additive or epistatic interactions in SnTox1 and SnTox3. Finally, the virulence of the S. nodorum isolate depended on the qualitative and quantitative composition of NEs.

Fire Blight Susceptibility in Pyrus Germplasm from Eastern Europe

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 566-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. van der Zwet ◽  
R.L. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Plant Exploration ◽  
Moderately Resistant

During 1976-1980, three plant exploration trips were made throughout eastern Europe in search of native Pyrus germplasm. A total of 384 accessions (231 from Yugoslavia, 86 from Romania, 43 from Poland, and 12 each from Hungary and Czechoslovakia) were collected as budwood and propagated at the National Plant Germplasm Quarantine Center in Glenn Dale, Md. Following 8 years of exposure to the fire blight bacterium [Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winsl. et al.], 17.49” of the accessions remained uninfected, 11.2% rated resistant, 6.8% moderately resistant, and 64.6% blighted severely (26% to 100% of tree blighted). Some of the superior accessions have been released for use in the pear breeding program.

scholarly journals Plant nitrate supply regulates Erwinia amylovora virulence gene expression in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Farjad ◽  
Gilles Clément ◽  
Alban Launay ◽  
Roua Jeridi ◽  
Sylvie Jolivet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrate Supply
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