Effect of soil type, organic matter content, bulk density and saturation on clubroot severity and biofungicide efficacy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1238-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
H. Kasinathan ◽  
A. Deora ◽  
G. Peng ◽  
M. R. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content

PERSISTENCE OF CHANGES IN SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AFTER PIPELINE INSTALLATION IN SOLONETZIC NATIVE RANGELAND

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. NAETH ◽  
A. W. BAILEY ◽  
W. B. McGILL
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Natural Gas Pipelines ◽  
Mixed Prairie

A study was conducted in Solonetzic mixed prairie of southern Alberta to evaluate and determine the longevity of selected ecosystem responses to pipeline installation. Five adjacent natural gas pipelines on a series of rights-of-way (ROW) were studied at three sites. The lines, which were installed in 1957, 1963, 1968, 1972 and 1981, had diameters of 86, 86, 91, 107 and 107 cm, respectively. Soils were analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, ion composition, and organic matter content. It was concluded that pipeline construction in Solonetzic mixed prairie range-land initially tended to improve surface soil chemical and physical properties compared to blowouts, but reduced soil quality in vegetated native prairie. Surface bulk density increased to 1.3–1.6 Mg m−3 from an undisturbed density of 0.9–1.0 Mg m−3. Increased densities were evident to 55 cm in all 1981 transects except the trench where subsurface densities were reduced. Chemical changes were associated with reduced organic matter and increased salts at the surface. On the basis of differences between the various ages of pipelines (1981, youngest; 1957, oldest) there was evidence for greater amelioration of chemical changes than of physical disturbances over time. The time needed to restore half the lost organic matter was estimated to be approximately 50 y. Key words: Pipeline, Solonetzic soil, rangeland (native), soil chemistry, bulk density, reclamation

Field mobility of flumetsulam in three Mississippi soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen P. Murphy ◽  
David R. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Field Mobility

Research was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the field mobility of flumetsulam in three soils of varied texture and organic matter content but constant pH (pH = 6.0 ± 0.1). Flumetsulam was monitored to a depth of 122 cm at 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment (DAT). Flumetsulam concentrations were determined by cotton bioassay, with separate standard curves for various soil–depth combinations. Following a preemergence application of flumetsulam at 224 g ai ha−1, the herbicide was primarily limited to the upper 8 cm of soil, regardless of soil type, year, or DAT. Exceptions to this typically occurred following substantial rainfall amounts early in the season. Beyond 28 DAT, no significant concentrations of flumetsulam were detected below 15 cm. Results from this research suggest that leaching is not a significant route of flumetsulam dissipation in the field.

Organic phosphorus speciation in Australian Red Chromosols: stoichiometric control

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. S. Moata ◽  
Ashlea L. Doolette ◽  
Ronald J. Smernik ◽  
Ann M. McNeill ◽  
Lynne M. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Forms ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil P

Organic phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the soil P cycle. It is present in various chemical forms, the relative amounts of which vary among soils, due to factors including climate, land use, and soil type. Few studies have investigated co-variation between P types or stoichiometric correlation with the key elemental components of organic matter– carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), both of which may influence P pool structure and dynamics in agricultural soils. In this study we determined the organic P speciation of twenty Australian Red Chromosols soils, a soil type widely used for cropping in Australia. Eight different chemical forms of P were quantified by 31P NMR spectroscopy, with a large majority (>90%) in all soils identified as orthophosphate and humic P. The strongest correlations (r2 = 0.77–0.85, P < 0.001) between P types were found among minor components: (i) between two inositol hexakisphosphate isomers (myo and scyllo) and (ii) between phospholipids and RNA (both detected as their alkaline hydrolysis products). Total soil C and N were correlated with phospholipid and RNA P, but not the most abundant P forms of orthophosphate and humic P. This suggests an influence of organic matter content on the organic P pool consisting of phospholipid and RNA, but not on inositol P or the largest organic P pool in these soils – humic P.

scholarly journals Bulk Density Prediction for Histosols and Soil Horizons with High Organic Matter Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei Julio Beutler ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Wagner de Souza Tassinari ◽  
Michele Duarte de Menezes ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
High Organic Matter Content ◽  
Density Prediction ◽  
High Organic Matter

scholarly journals Estimation of the density of the clay-organic complex in soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Anthony R. Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Organic Complex ◽  
Arable Soils

Abstract Soil bulk density was investigated as a function of soil contents of clay and organic matter in arable agricultural soils at a range of locations. The contents of clay and organic matter were used in an algorithmic procedure to calculate the amounts of clay-organic complex in the soils. Values of soil bulk density as a function of soil organic matter content were used to estimate the amount of pore space occupied by unit amount of complex. These estimations show that the effective density of the clay-organic matter complex is very low with a mean value of 0.17 ± 0.04 g ml−1 in arable soils. This value is much smaller than the soil bulk density and smaller than any of the other components of the soil considered separately (with the exception of the gas content). This low value suggests that the clay-soil complex has an extremely porous and open structure. When the complex is considered as a separate phase in soil, it can account for the observed reduction of bulk density with increasing content of organic matter.

scholarly journals The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 3189-3204
Author(s):  
Anne Hartmann ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Chronosequence

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT OF SOILS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT PARENT MATERIALS IN AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
P. C. OGUIKE ◽  
U. E. UTIN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration

The study of soils derived from different parent materials is useful in formulating appropriate management schemes for soil health and agricultural production. A comparative assessment of some physical properties and organic matter content of soils formed from coastal plain sands (CPS), sandstone (SST) and river alluvium (ALV) was conducted in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Topsoil samples (0 – 30 cm) were collected from ten points in soils of each of the three parent materials for laboratory analyses. The soil samples were analyzed for texture, macro and micro aggregate stability indices, soil water characteristics, bulk density and organic matter. Data generated were subjected to Analysis of Variance to compare properties of soils of the different parent materials. Significantly different means were separated using the Least Significant Difference at 5% probability level. Results showed that soils of SST and CPS parent materials both had loamy sand texture while that of ALV soil was clay. Bulk density of ALV soil (1.20 Mg m-3) was significantly lower (p≤0.05) than those of CPS (1.55 Mg m-3) and SST (1.39 Mg m-3).  Significantly higher (p≤0.05) mean weight diameter (MWD) (2.01 mm), aggregated silt+clay (51.96%) and clay flocculation index (89.00%) were observed in ALV soils than in CPS and SST soils while the dispersion ratio and clay dispersion index were significantly higher (p≤0.05) in CPS and SST soils than in the ALV soil. Alluvial soil had significantly higher (p≤0.05) saturation water content (SWC), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water content (AWC) of 0.61, 0.45, 0.25 and 0.20 m3 m-3, respectively, than those of CPS and SST. Alluvial soil also had the lowest cumulative infiltration (3.05 cm) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.40 cm hr-1) relative to those of CPS and SST. The CPS soil had significantly lower (p≤0.05) organic matter content (2.07%) than SST (3.06%) and ALV (3.34%) soils. Cumulative infiltration (I) significantly and positively correlated with total sand (TS) (r = 0.710*) in the CPS soil, and Ksat (r = 0.681*), MWD (r = 0.829**) and CFI (r = 0.655*) in the SST soil. In the ALV soil, cumulative infiltration positively correlated with total porosity (r = 0.770**) and negatively with bulk density (r = - 0.770**). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) had a positive correlation with SWC (r = 0.745*) and TP (r = 0.833**), but a significant and negative correlation with BD (r = - 0.833**) in SST soil. Field capacity (FC) positively and significantly correlated with TP (r = 0.638*) in CPS soil, and with MWD (r = 0.713*), CFI (r = 0.647*) and OM (r = 0.651*) in SST soil and with TP (r = 0.790**) and OM (r = 0.672*) in ALV soil. The correlations of FC with BD (r = - 0.638*) in CPS soil, with CDI (r = -0.647*) in SST soil and with BD (r = -0.790**) in ALV soil were significant and negative. MWD positively and significantly correlated with organic matter (r = 0.699*).  The clayey ALV soil will be suitable for paddy rice production and dry season crops due to its higher water retention capacity than the CPS and SST soils which will be better utilized for vegetable crop production under irrigation. The CPS and SST soils can also be applied to intensive crop production under rain fed condition and supplemented with irrigation.  

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