Emergence of Informal Safety Leadership: A Social‐Cognitive Process for Accident Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlin Wu ◽  
Han Yao ◽  
Xin Ning ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Safety Leadership

scholarly journals Attachment Orientations Guide the Transfer of Leadership Judgments: Culture Matters

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dritjon Gruda ◽  
Konstantinos Kafetsios
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Leader Effectiveness ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Behavioral Expectations ◽  
Specific Attachment ◽  
Individualistic Culture

Two experiments tested the role of global and relationship-specific attachment orientations in leader transference, a social-cognitive process in which mental representations of past leaders are associated with the evaluations of new, similar leaders. Individuals scoring higher on anxious attachment were more likely to hold high just treatment expectations of new leaders who were similar to their previous leaders. Conversely, avoidant individuals evaluated new similar leaders low on just treatment expectations and perceived them as less effective. Relationship-specific attachment orientations predicted transfer of behavioral judgments of just treatment, while global attachment orientations predicted transfer of perceived leader effectiveness. These effects were moderated by culture. In two collectivistic cultures (Greece and India), avoidant individuals demonstrated low just treatment expectations of their new similar leader. In an individualistic culture (United States), avoidant participants showed high behavioral expectations of their new, similar, leader. The results inform emerging views on relational social-cognitive processes in leader–follower interactions.

scholarly journals The moral disengagement mechanisms in organizational contexts: A comparison between public organizations and private firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Maurizio Zorzetto
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public

The moral disengagement present in work places is a critical factor impacting the efficient pursuit of organizational goals. This research aims at providing a new view on the criticisms moved against the inefficiencies of the Italian public administration and the national bureaucratic system, by adopting the principles described in Albert Bandura’s (1986) Social Cognitive theory and testing the mechanisms of moral disengagement empirically, by carrying out the Civic Moral Disengagement (CMD) survey among private and public-sector employees. The final goal of this research is analyzing the cognitive process that employees activate based on the environment they are in, and defining an Empowerment strategy that could be adopted within public organizations.

scholarly journals An Intact Social Cognitive Process in Schizophrenia: Situational Context Effects on Perception of Facial Affect

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junghee Lee ◽  
Robert S. Kern ◽  
Philippe-Olivier Harvey ◽  
William P. Horan ◽  
Kimmy S. Kee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Situational Context

scholarly journals Perceived intent motivates people to magnify observed harms

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 3599-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Ames ◽  
Susan T. Fiske
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Psychology Research ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Model Research ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Harm Condition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Social Prediction

Existing moral psychology research commonly explains certain phenomena in terms of a motivation to blame. However, this motivation is not measured directly, but rather is inferred from other measures, such as participants’ judgments of an agent’s blameworthiness. The present paper introduces new methods for assessing this theoretically important motivation, using tools drawn from animal-model research. We test these methods in the context of recent “harm-magnification” research, which shows that people often overestimate the damage caused by intentional (versus unintentional) harms. A preliminary experiment exemplifies this work and also rules out an alternative explanation for earlier harm-magnification results. Exp. 1 asks whether intended harm motivates blame or merely demonstrates the actor’s intrinsic blameworthiness. Consistent with a motivational interpretation, participants freely chose blaming, condemning, and punishing over other appealing tasks in an intentional-harm condition, compared with an unintentional-harm condition. Exp. 2 also measures motivation but with converging indicators of persistence (effort, rate, and duration) in blaming. In addition to their methodological contribution, these studies also illuminate people’s motivational responses to intentional harms. Perceived intent emerges as catalyzing a motivated social cognitive process related to social prediction and control.

How Do You See Me? The Neural Basis of Motivated Meta-perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1908-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taru Flagan ◽  
Jeanette A. Mumford ◽  
Jennifer S. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Drift Diffusion Model ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Neural Underpinnings

We cannot see the minds of others, yet people often spontaneously interpret how they are viewed by other people (i.e., meta-perceptions) and often in a self-flattering manner. Very little is known about the neural associations of meta-perceptions, but a likely candidate is the ventromedial pFC (VMPFC). VMPFC has been associated with both self- and other-perception as well as motivated self-perception. Does this function extend to meta-perceptions? The current study examined neural activity while participants made meta-perceptive interpretations in various social scenarios. A drift-diffusion model was used to test whether the VMPFC is associated with two processes involved in interpreting meta-perceptions in a self-flattering manner: the extent to which the interpretation process involves the preferential accumulation of evidence in favor of a self-flattering interpretation versus the extent to which the interpretation process begins with an expectation that favors a self-flattering outcome. Increased VMPFC activity was associated with the extent to which people preferentially accumulate information when interpreting meta-perceptions under ambiguous conditions and marginally associated with self-flattering meta-perceptions. Together, the present findings illuminate the neural underpinnings of a social cognitive process that has received little attention to date: how we make meaning of others' minds when we think those minds are pointed at us.

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