Consumer Profiling with Data Requirements: Structure and Policy Implications

Tommaso Valletti; Jiahua Wu

doi:10.1111/poms.13108

Consumer Profiling with Data Requirements: Structure and Policy Implications

Production and Operations Management ◽

10.1111/poms.13108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 309-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tommaso Valletti ◽

Jiahua Wu

Keyword(s):

Policy Implications ◽

Consumer Profiling ◽

Data Requirements

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Indicators of Educational Progress - a Markov Chain Approach Applied to Swaziland

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x00007874 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin Geary

Keyword(s):

Markov Chain ◽

Markov Model ◽

Education System ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Input Output ◽

Educational Progress ◽

Short Article ◽

Markov Chain Approach ◽

Data Requirements ◽

Educational Indicators

This short article analyses the demand for and the use of educational indicators with reference to Swaziland. The data requirements are considered as well as the policy implications of establishing a fixed series, and an educational input-output table is constructed in an attempt to derive an all-embracing set of indicators. The Markov model presented here was initially created in order to help forecast what might happen to the Swaziland education system rather than to describe it. As the discussion of the data requirements below suggests, however, this can be considered a fortunate birth.

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Information Sharing, Bank Penetration and Tax Evasion in Emerging Markets

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks8020038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Duc Hong Vo ◽

Ha Minh Nguyen ◽

Tan Manh Vo ◽

Michael McAleer

Keyword(s):

Emerging Markets ◽

Information Sharing ◽

World Bank ◽

Tax Evasion ◽

International Comparisons ◽

Tax Compliance ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Data Requirements

Tax evasion, which is typically considered an illegal activity, is a critical problem and is considered a barrier to economic growth. A review of the literature shows that tax and social security contributions, regulations, public sector services, the quality of institutions and tax compliance, play important roles in determining the degree to which firms attempt to evade taxes. Measuring tax evasion is problematic due to data requirements and inadequacies. Few tax evasion indices have been estimated but it appears that they cannot be used for international comparisons across countries. This important issue has largely been ignored in the literature, in particular for emerging markets. Consequently, this paper is conducted to develop a new tax evasion index (TEI) using the most substantial and recent data from the standardized World Bank Enterprises Survey 2006–2017. In addition, using the newly developed TEI, the paper examines the importance and contribution of information sharing and bank penetration to the degree of tax evasion in emerging markets. The paper uses a sample of 112 emerging markets from 2006–2017 and the Tobit model in estimation. The empirical findings from the paper indicate that the average TEI during the 2006–2017 period for emerging markets is 0.62, with a range of (0.25, 0.75). In addition, we find that information sharing and bank penetration negatively affect the degree of tax evasion, as proxied by the TEI, in emerging markets. The empirical results also confirm the view that large firms are considered to have adopted good tax compliance practices, while firms located in remote areas are more likely to evade taxes. Policy implications have emerged on the basis of the empirical findings from the paper.

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