The Logic of Dispute Initiation under NAFTA Chapter 19

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-188
Author(s):  
Martha Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Initiation

Real Exchange Rate Overvaluation and WTO Dispute Initiation in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Betz ◽  
Andrew Kerner
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Trade Dispute ◽  
Competitive Disadvantage ◽  
Dispute Initiation ◽  
Foreign Currency Debt

AbstractWhy and when do developing countries file trade disputes at the World Trade Organization (WTO)? Although financial conditions have long been considered an important driver of trade policy, they have been largely absent from the literature on trade disputes. We argue that developing country governments bring more trade dispute to the WTO when overvalued real exchange rates put exporters at a competitive disadvantage. This dynamic is most prevalent in countries where large foreign currency debt burdens discourage nominal currency devaluations that would otherwise serve exporters’ interests. Our findings provide an explanation for differences in dispute participation rates among developing countries, and also suggest a new link between exchange rate regimes and trade policy.

Rivalry, Instability, and the Probability of International Conflict

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula E. Daxecker
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Interstate Disputes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dispute Initiation ◽  
Dyad Analysis ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Militarized Interstate Dispute ◽  
Militarized Interstate Disputes

This article addresses the effect of political instability and domestic conflict on the probability of militarized interstate disputes. Existing research on the subject has produced inconsistent findings. I hypothesize that the effect of political instability on international disputes is conditional on states’ involvement in civil conflict. More specifically, I argue that while political instability provides leaders with the willingness to use force, civil war creates the necessary opportunities for initiating conflict abroad. A directed-dyad analysis of international rivals for the 1816–2000 time period shows that instability coupled with civil war increases the probability of militarized interstate dispute initiation among rival states. Results are consistent for alternative indicators of political instability and civil war.

Command of the skies: An air power dataset

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Saunders ◽  
Mark Souva
Keyword(s):  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Coercive Behavior ◽  
Dispute Initiation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

We introduce a dataset on air power. Air power is the ability to inflict damage on an adversary through the air, and its successful application depends on achieving command of the skies. To achieve command of the skies, countries invest in a variety of types of military hardware and training, especially fighter aircraft. Our dataset contains information on the number, type and technological characteristics—including weaponry, avionics, speed, maneuverability and stealth characteristics—of each country’s fighter and attack aircraft for the period 1973–2013. We also introduce two new air power variables based on this data. The first is Country Air Power, a country-year measure of air power. The second is Expected Air Superiority, a dyad-year measure of which actor is likely to achieve air superiority in a military conflict. We illustrate the utility of this dataset by examining the relationship between air power and militarized dispute initiation, the duration and success of coercive bombing campaigns, and coercive behavior more generally. We find that command of the skies significantly affects conflict and coercive behavior.

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