scholarly journals Prescription Opioid Abuse and Tampering in the United States: Results of a Self-Report Survey

Pain Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2064-2074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Vietri ◽  
Ashish V. Joshi ◽  
Alexandra I. Barsdorf ◽  
Jack Mardekian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Strategies to reduce prescription opioid abuse in the United States: How have they influenced the epidemic?

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. e129-e130
Author(s):  
Traci Green ◽  
Sarah Bowman ◽  
Cristina Los ◽  
Kimberly McHugh ◽  
Peter Friedmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

scholarly journals Societal Costs of Prescription Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Misuse in the United States

Pain Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard G. Birnbaum ◽  
Alan G. White ◽  
Matt Schiller ◽  
Tracy Waldman ◽  
Jody M. Cleveland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Self-reports of prescription opioid abuse and diversion among recreational opioid users in a Canadian and a United States city

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Setnik, PhD ◽  
Carl L. Roland, PharmD, MS ◽  
Veeraindar Goli, MD ◽  
Glenn C. Pixton, MS ◽  
Naama Levy-Cooperman, PhD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
The Us ◽  
Opioid Users ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Objective: To explore behaviors related to prescription opioid abuse and diversion in individuals who self-reported past recreational (nonmedical) opioid use.Design: A questionnaire was developed and included in two abuse potential clinical studies conducted in Canada (Toronto, ON, August 2010 to January, 2011) and the United States (Salt Lake City, UT, February-May 2011).Participants: Recreational opioid users.Main outcome measure(s): Self-reported behaviors related to prescription opioid abuse and diversion.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 174 participants in the Canadian study and 80 participants in the US study. Most participants reported that they used prescription opioids for nonmedical purposes a few times a month. Most had taken their first prescription opioid between the ages of 12 and 24 years and the two most common reasons were to treat pain or to feel high/stoned. When asked about specific opioids taken for nonmedical purposes in the past year, oxycodone, acetaminophen with codeine, and morphine were commonly used by both cohorts, whereas hydrocodone use was substantially greater in the US cohort versus the Canadian cohort. Participants reported various tampering methods and routes of administration, with swallowed whole, crushed and snorted, and chewed/crushed and swallowed as the most prevalent. Most participants indicated taking other drugs with prescription opioids to get high, most commonly marijuana and alcohol. The most common sources for obtaining prescription opioids were family/friends. Conclusions: Two cohorts of recreational opioid users from Canada and the United States reported similar experiences with various prescription opioids and indicated a predominance of diversion from family/friends.

Characteristics Of Prescription Opioid Abuse In The United States And Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Cicero ◽  
James A. Inciardi ◽  
Hilary L. Surratt ◽  
G. L.A. Horbay ◽  
Joel Bordman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

scholarly journals Prescription Opioid Abuse: A Literature Review of the Clinical and Economic Burden in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 372-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Meyer ◽  
Anisha M. Patel ◽  
Stacy K. Rattana ◽  
Tiffany P. Quock ◽  
Samir H. Mody
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

scholarly journals Opioid-Associated Deaths in South Carolina, 2013-2016: A Retrospective Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Butler ◽  
Nicholas I. Batalis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Forensic Pathology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Medical University

Introduction Rising rates of opioid abuse in the United States have generated an overdose epidemic. Particularly in the last few years, many offices across the country have seen a shift from prescription opioid toxicity to heroin, illicitly produced fentanyl, and, more recently, various fentanyl analogs. Methods A retrospective review was performed to better characterize the incidence of licit opioid, heroin, fentanyl, and fentanyl analog-associated deaths in South Carolina. Three-thousand three-hundred and fifty autopsy records from the Medical University of South Carolina's forensic pathology division were reviewed to identify cases in which oxycodone, hydrocodone, heroin, fentanyl, and/or fentanyl analogs were detected. Results In 2013, the incidence of both heroin and fentanyl-associated deaths was relatively rare (2.2% and 0.4%, respectively), but increased somewhat steadily throughout the ensuing years. The incidence of fentanyl-associated death increased from 0.4% to 2.4% between 2013 and 2016. A decrease in fentanyl-associated deaths was noted between 2015 and 2016; however, 2016 saw a dramatic increase in fentanyl analogs, likely accounting for this slight dip. Heroin rose from 2.2% to 4.5% between 2013 and 2016. Combined, heroin and fentanyl accounted for 2.6% of autopsy deaths in 2013 and increased to 7.6% in 2016, with more substantial increases in 2014 and 2015. Licit opioid-associated deaths remained relatively stable throughout the study period and, when identified, were almost always polydrug comixtures. Discussion These data illustrate general increases in illicit opioid-related deaths. In contrast to larger jurisdictions, particularly in the Midwest and Northeast, heroin continues to contribute most significantly to intoxication deaths, although synthetic fentanyl and fentanyl analog-associated deaths increased dramatically beginning in 2014.

scholarly journals Prescription Opioid Abuse in Chronic Pain: An Updated Review of Opioid Abuse Predictors and Strategies to Curb Opioid Abuse: Part 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (20;2) ◽  
pp. s93-s111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent in the United States and worldwide. The consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality, exacting a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and society. The risk for misuse of prescribed opioids is much higher in patients with chronic pain, especially those with concurrent substance use and /or mental health disorders. Several reasons can account for the occurrence of opioid abuse and misuse, including self-medication, use for reward, compulsive use related to addiction, and diversion for profit. There is a need, therefore, for therapeutic approaches that balance treating chronic pain, while minimizing risks for opioid abuse, misuse, and diversion. Chronic opioid therapy for chronic non-cancer pain has seen a dramatic increase throughout the past 2 decades in conjunction with associated increases in the abuse of prescribed opioids and accidental opioid overdoses. Consequently, a validated screening instrument that provides an effective and rational method for selecting patients for opioid therapy, predicting risk, and identifying problems once they have arisen, could be of enormous benefit in clinical practice. An instrument as such has the potential to attenuate the risk of iatrogenic addiction. Despite the recent introduction of various screening strategies and instruments, no single test or instrument can reliably and accurately predict those patients unsuitable for opioid therapy or pinpoint those requiring heightened degrees of surveillance and monitoring throughout their therapy. Current opioid abuse screening tactics include assessing premorbid and comorbid substance abuse; assessing aberrant drug-related behaviors; stratification of risk factors; and utilizing opioid assessment screening tools. Several authors have contributed numerous screening tools and instruments to aid the assessment of appropriate opioid therapy. Additional essential measures include urine drug testing, prescription practice monitoring programs, opioid treatment agreements, and implementing universal precautions. Presently accepted recommendations consist of a combination of strategies designed to stratify risk, to identify and to understand aberrant drug-related behaviors, and to tailor treatments accordingly. This manuscript, Part 2 of a 2 part update, builds on the 2012 opioid guidelines published in Pain Physician, and the 2016 guidelines released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It reviews screening, monitoring, and addressing opioid abuse and misuse in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Key words: Opioids, misuse, abuse, chronic pain, prevalence, risk assessment, risk management, drug monitoring, aberrant drug-related behavior

Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1242
Author(s):  
Celeste Domsch ◽  
Lori Stiritz ◽  
Jay Huff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
Cultural Awareness ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2-week study abroad to England during the summers of 2016 and 2017. Quantitative data were collected using standardized self-report measures administered prior to departure and after returning to the United States and were analyzed using paired-samples t tests. Qualitative data were collected in the form of daily journal reflections during the trip and interviews after returning to the United States and analyzed using phenomenological methods. Results No statistically significant changes were evident on any standardized self-report measures once corrections for multiple t tests were applied. In addition, a ceiling effect was found on one measure. On the qualitative measures, themes from student transcripts included increased global awareness and a sense of personal growth. Conclusions Measuring cultural awareness poses many challenges. One is that social desirability bias may influence responses. A second is that current measures of cultural competence may exhibit ceiling or floor effects. Analysis of qualitative data may be more useful in examining effects of participation in a short-term study abroad, which appears to result in decreased ethnocentrism and increased global awareness in communication sciences and disorders students. Future work may wish to consider the long-term effects of participation in a study abroad for emerging professionals in the field.

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