Microtubule organization defects in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-980
Author(s):  
D. Ma ◽  
R. Han
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Microtubule Organization

scholarly journals iDePP: a genetically encoded system for the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Doumane ◽  
Léia Colin ◽  
Alexis Lebecq ◽  
Aurélie Fangain ◽  
Joseph Bareille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Actin Dynamics ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Membrane Contact Sites

ABSTRACTPhosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] is a low abundant lipid present at the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Extensive studies in animal cells revealed the pleiotropic functions of PI(4,5)P2. In plant cells, PI(4,5)P2 is involved in various cellular processes including the regulation of cell polarity and tip growth, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, polar auxin transport, actin dynamics or membrane-contact sites. To date, most studies investigating the role of PI(4,5)P2 in plants have relied on mutants lacking enzymes responsible for PI(4,5)P2 synthesis and degradation. However, such genetic perturbations only allow steady-state analysis of plants undergoing their life cycle in PI(4,5)P2 deficient conditions and the corresponding mutants are likely to induce a range of non-causal (untargeted) effects driven by compensatory mechanisms. In addition, there are no small molecule inhibitors that are available in plants to specifically block the production of this lipid. Thus, there is currently no system to fine tune PI(4,5)P2 content in plant cells. Here we report a genetically encoded and inducible synthetic system, iDePP (Inducible Depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in Plants), that efficiently removes PI(4,5)P2 from the plasma membrane in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana, including root meristem, root hair and shoot apical meristem. We show that iDePP allows the inducible depletion of PI(4,5)P2 in less than three hours. Using this strategy, we reveal that PI(4,5)P2 is critical for cortical microtubule organization. Together, we propose that iDePP is a simple and efficient genetic tool to test the importance of PI(4,5)P2 in given cellular or developmental responses but also to evaluate the importance of this lipid in protein localization.Research OrganismA. thaliana

scholarly journals Cytokinesis in fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana p60-katanin Mutant: Defects in Cell Plate/Daughter Wall Formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Panteris ◽  
Anna Kouskouveli ◽  
Dimitris Pappas ◽  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
In The Wild

Cytokinesis is accomplished in higher plants by the phragmoplast, creating and conducting the cell plate, to separate daughter nuclei by a new cell wall. The microtubule-severing enzyme p60-katanin plays an important role in the centrifugal expansion and timely disappearance of phragmoplast microtubules. Consequently, aberrant structure and delayed expansion rate of the phragmoplast occur in p60-katanin mutants. Here, the consequences of p60-katanin malfunction in cell plate/daughter wall formation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while deviations in the chemical composition of cell plate/new cell wall were identified by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy, in root cells of the fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana mutant. It was found that, apart from defective phragmoplast microtubule organization, cell plates/new cell walls appeared also faulty in structure, being unevenly thick and perforated by large gaps. In addition, demethylesterified homogalacturonans were prematurely present in fra2 cell plates, while callose content was significantly lower than in the wild-type. Furthermore, KNOLLE syntaxin disappeared from newly formed cell walls in fra2 earlier than in the wild-type. Taken together, these observations indicate that delayed cytokinesis, due to faulty phragmoplast organization and expansion, results in a loss of synchronization between cell plate growth and its chemical maturation.

scholarly journals Cytokinesis in fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana p60-Katanin Mutant: Defects in Cell Plate/Daughter Wall Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Panteris ◽  
Anna Kouskouveli ◽  
Dimitris Pappas ◽  
Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. Adamakis
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cell Plate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Wall Formation ◽  
In The Wild

Cytokinesis is accomplished in higher plants by the phragmoplast, creating and conducting the cell plate to separate daughter nuclei by a new cell wall. The microtubule-severing enzyme p60-katanin plays an important role in the centrifugal expansion and timely disappearance of phragmoplast microtubules. Consequently, aberrant structure and delayed expansion rate of the phragmoplast have been reported to occur in p60-katanin mutants. Here, the consequences of p60-katanin malfunction in cell plate/daughter wall formation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in root cells of the fra2 Arabidopsis thaliana loss-of-function mutant. In addition, deviations in the chemical composition of cell plate/new cell wall were identified by immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. It was found that, apart from defective phragmoplast microtubule organization, cell plates/new cell walls also appeared faulty in structure, being unevenly thick and perforated by large gaps. In addition, demethylesterified homogalacturonans were prematurely present in fra2 cell plates, while callose content was significantly lower than in the wild type. Furthermore, KNOLLE syntaxin disappeared from newly formed cell walls in fra2 earlier than in the wild type. Taken together, these observations indicate that delayed cytokinesis, due to faulty phragmoplast organization and expansion, results in a loss of synchronization between cell plate growth and its chemical maturation.

scholarly journals Characterizing Microtubule Organization in the Arabidopsis Thaliana Root Apical Meristem via Correlative Microscopy

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (S3) ◽  
pp. 875-876
Author(s):  
Katherine Celler ◽  
Chris Ambrose ◽  
Yuan Ruan ◽  
Bradford Ross ◽  
Geoffrey Wasteneys
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Root Apical Meristem ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Microtubule Organization

scholarly journals NIMA-related kinases 6, 4, and 5 interact with each other to regulate microtubule organization during epidermal cell expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyasu Motose ◽  
Takahiro Hamada ◽  
Kaori Yoshimoto ◽  
Takashi Murata ◽  
Mitsuyasu Hasebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Microtubule Organization

Actin microfilament and microtubule distribution patterns in the expanding root of Arabidopsis thaliana

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Collings ◽  
Geoffrey O Wasteneys
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Cell Cortex ◽  
Actin Microfilaments ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Distal Elongation Zone

Determination of the precise role(s) of actin microfilaments in the control of cell shape and elongation in the root tips of the model genetic system Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh is frustrated by inadequate microscopy imaging techniques. In this paper, we documented both microfilaments and microtubules in the root tips of Arabidopsis by double immunofluorescence labelling and computer-generated reconstruction of confocal image series. Our procedure, which complements the use of recently developed fluorescent reporter proteins, revealed hitherto undescribed aspects of the Arabidopsis microfilament cytoskeleton that may provide important clues about mechanisms behind cell elongation. We found that preservation of extensive arrays of transverse cortical microfilaments depends on unperturbed microtubule organization. Compared with ordinary epidermal cells, cells situated in the trichoblast or hair-forming cell files were comparatively devoid of endoplasmic microfilaments when in the distal elongation zone, well before hair formation begins. Computer-aided reconstructions also revealed that the nonexpanding end walls of cells in the distal elongation zone have radially oriented microtubules and randomly arranged microfilaments. In dividing cells, microfilaments became more prominent in the cell cortex, and subtle differences between microtubule and microfilament organization were seen within the phragmoplast. These observations will form the basis of understanding the roles of the cytoskeleton in controlling elongation in root tissues. In light of the many Arabidopsis mutants with altered root morphology, our methods offer a reliable approach to assess the function of cytoskeletal proteins and signalling systems in root morphogenesis.Key words: actin microfilaments, Arabidopsis thaliana, distal elongation zone, microtubules, phragmoplast, roots.

The effect of okadaic acid on Arabidopsis thaliana root morphology and microtubule organization in its cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. A. Sheremet ◽  
A. I. Yemets ◽  
J. -P. Verbelen ◽  
Ya. B. Blume
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Microtubule Organization
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